Practice Questions

A patient with severe sepsis develops disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The key pathophysiological feature of DIC is:

A. Excessive clot formation leading to widespread microvascular thrombosis and consumption of clotting factors, followed by bleeding.
B. Only excessive bleeding with no clot formation.
C. Increased production of platelets.
D. Decreased fibrinolysis.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a genetic disorder has two copies of the abnormal gene on non-sex chromosomes to manifest the disease. This inheritance pattern is:

A. Autosomal dominant.
B. Autosomal recessive.
C. X-linked dominant.
D. X-linked recessive.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a severe burn injury develops massive edema in the affected area. This is primarily due to:

A. Increased intravascular protein synthesis.
B. Decreased capillary permeability.
C. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure and increased capillary permeability.
D. Decreased lymphatic drainage.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with asthma experiences an acute exacerbation. The primary pathophysiological changes in the airways during an asthma attack include:

A. Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and decreased mucus production.
B. Bronchospasm, airway inflammation, and increased mucus production.
C. Destruction of alveolar walls.
D. Fluid accumulation in the pleural space.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a stroke is diagnosed with an ischemic stroke. The primary pathophysiological event causing this type of stroke is:

A. Rupture of a cerebral blood vessel.
B. An embolus or thrombus obstructing cerebral blood flow.
C. Vasospasm of cerebral arteries.
D. Hypoxia due to respiratory failure.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of which cells in the pancreas?

A. Alpha cells.
B. Beta cells.
C. Delta cells.
D. Acinar cells.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient experiences severe vomiting and diarrhea. The nurse anticipates the development of which acid-base imbalance?

A. Respiratory acidosis.
B. Metabolic acidosis.
C. Respiratory alkalosis.
D. Metabolic alkalosis.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

In the process of carcinogenesis, “initiation” refers to:

A. The rapid proliferation of genetically altered cells.
B. The irreversible genetic alteration of a cell by a carcinogen.
C. The spread of cancer cells to distant sites.
D. The formation of a visible tumor.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient develops a tumor that is encapsulated, well-differentiated, and does not metastasize. This describes a:

A. Malignant tumor.
B. Benign tumor.
C. Carcinoma in situ.
D. Sarcoma.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a traumatic brain injury develops Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH). This results in:

A. Increased urine output and hypernatremia.
B. Decreased urine output and hyponatremia.
C. Normal fluid balance with hyperkalemia.
D. Fluid volume deficit and hypercalcemia.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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