Practice Questions

29. A patient with HIV is starting antiretroviral therapy. Medicinally, what is a critical principle of HIV treatment to prevent drug resistance?

A. Monotherapy with the most potent drug.
B. Intermittent therapy to reduce drug burden.
C. Combination therapy with drugs from different classes.
D. High-dose therapy for a short duration.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

28. A patient is prescribed methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. Technically, what is the mechanism of action of methotrexate that contributes to its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects?

A. Inhibiting TNF-alpha.
B. Blocking cyclooxygenase enzymes.
C. Inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase, leading to folate depletion.
D. Stimulating B-cell proliferation.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

26. A patient is receiving amphotericin B for a severe fungal infection. Urgently, what critical adverse reaction can occur during infusion, necessitating pre-medication and slow infusion?

A. Bradycardia.
B. Infusion-related reactions (e.g., fever, chills, rigors).
C. Severe diarrhea.
D. Hyperglycemia.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

25. A patient with deep vein thrombosis is prescribed enoxaparin (a low molecular weight heparin). Medicinally, what is the primary mechanism of action of enoxaparin?

A. Inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
B. Selectively inhibiting Factor Xa.
C. Directly inhibiting thrombin.
D. Activating protein C.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

21. A patient with a severe bacterial infection is prescribed gentamicin (an aminoglycoside). Medicinally, what two critical adverse effects require urgent monitoring due to their potential for irreversible damage?

A. Hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity.
B. Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
C. Myelosuppression and dermatological reactions.
D. Hyperglycemia and hypokalemia.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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