Practice Questions

20. A patient with peptic ulcer disease is prescribed a proton pump inhibitor (PPI, e.g., omeprazole). Technically, what is the mechanism by which PPIs reduce gastric acid secretion?

A. Blocking histamine H2 receptors.
B. Neutralizing stomach acid.
C. Irreversibly inhibiting the H+/K+-ATPase pump in parietal cells.
D. Coating the stomach lining.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

19. A patient with Type 1 Diabetes is experiencing hypoglycemia. Clinically, if the patient is conscious and able to swallow, what is the most appropriate initial treatment?

A. Administer intravenous insulin.
B. Give glucagon injection.
C. Provide a source of rapidly absorbed carbohydrates.
D. Wait for symptoms to subside spontaneously.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

17. A patient with an acute allergic reaction develops widespread urticaria and angioedema. Urgently, what is the most critical first-line pharmacological intervention?

A. Oral antihistamine.
B. Topical corticosteroid.
C. Intravenous epinephrine.
D. Oral prednisone.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

16. A patient with hyperthyroidism is prescribed propylthiouracil (PTU). Medicinally, what is the primary mechanism of action of PTU?

A. Increasing thyroid hormone synthesis.
B. Inhibiting thyroid hormone release.
C. Inhibiting thyroid peroxidase, thus blocking thyroid hormone synthesis.
D. Destroying thyroid gland cells.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

15. A patient on long-term NSAID therapy for arthritis develops gastric pain. Technically, what is the mechanism by which NSAIDs can cause gastrointestinal ulcers?

A. Increasing gastric acid secretion.
B. Inhibiting COX-1, leading to reduced protective prostaglandin synthesis.
C. Stimulating histamine release.
D. Direct irritation of the gastric mucosa.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

12. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is using an inhaled anticholinergic (e.g., tiotropium). Medicinally, what is the primary mechanism of action of this drug?

A. Relaxing bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating ?2? receptors.
B. Blocking muscarinic receptors in the airways, preventing bronchoconstriction.
C. Inhibiting leukotriene synthesis.
D. Suppressing inflammation in the airways.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

11. A patient with bacterial pneumonia is prescribed a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Technically, what is a critical principle of antibiotic stewardship that a healthcare professional should follow?

A. Prescribe the most potent antibiotic available.
B. Prescribe antibiotics for all respiratory infections.
C. Use the narrowest spectrum antibiotic effective for the suspected pathogen.
D. Stop antibiotics as soon as symptoms improve.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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