Practice Questions

A patient with a traumatic injury develops acute pain. This type of pain is generally:

A. Chronic and persistent.
B. Sudden onset, short duration, and localized. ✓
C. Difficult to treat with analgesics.
D. Not associated with tissue damage.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a chronic autoimmune disease, such as Crohn’s disease, experiences periods of exacerbation and remission. This indicates a disease that is:

A. Curable.
B. Acute and rapidly progressive.
C. Chronic with periods of increased and decreased activity. ✓
D. Always fatal.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with severe systemic inflammation develops a “left shift” in their differential white blood cell count. This indicates an increase in:

A. Mature neutrophils.
B. Immature neutrophils (bands). ✓
C. Lymphocytes.
D. Eosinophils.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a long history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) develops esophageal dysplasia. Dysplasia is characterized by:

A. Reversible change of one cell type to another.
B. Cells increasing in size due to increased workload.
C. Disorganized cell growth, varying in size, shape, and organization. ✓
D. A normal, adaptive response.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with an inherited bleeding disorder has a deficiency in Factor VIII. This condition is known as:

A. Von Willebrand disease.
B. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
C. Hemophilia A. ✓
D. Hemophilia B.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with an anaphylactic reaction experiences severe bronchoconstriction. This is primarily mediated by the release of:

A. Prostaglandins.
B. Histamine and leukotrienes. ✓
C. Complement proteins.
D. Antibodies.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient develops a tumor that is poorly differentiated and has rapid growth with angiogenesis. These are characteristics of a:

A. Benign tumor.
B. Malignant tumor. ✓
C. Hypertrophic lesion.
D. Metaplastic change.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with severe diarrhea loses a large amount of bicarbonate. This leads to which acid-base imbalance?

A. Respiratory acidosis.
B. Metabolic acidosis. ✓
C. Respiratory alkalosis.
D. Metabolic alkalosis.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with chronic heart failure may develop pulmonary hypertension due to:

A. Decreased blood flow to the lungs.
B. Increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries from left heart failure. ✓
C. Bronchospasm.
D. Alveolar destruction.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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