Practice Questions

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) develops a pulmonary embolism (PE). The most common pathophysiological pathway for a PE is:

A. Arterial spasm in the lungs.
B. A clot dislodges from a peripheral vein and travels to the pulmonary circulation.
C. Inhaled foreign body.
D. Direct lung infection.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a history of gastric ulcers develops severe abdominal pain after taking NSAIDs. The NSAIDs contribute to ulcer formation by:

A. Increasing gastric mucus production.
B. Inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, which reduces gastric mucosal protection.
C. Stimulating gastric acid secretion.
D. Enhancing gastric blood flow.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with systemic infection develops acute inflammation. The cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:

A. Pallor, numbness, decreased temperature.
B. Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function.
C. Jaundice, itching, weight loss.
D. Cyanosis, dyspnea, confusion.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient is diagnosed with a Type III hypersensitivity reaction. This reaction is characterized by:

A. IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation.
B. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
C. Formation of immune complexes that deposit in tissues, causing inflammation.
D. Delayed T-cell mediated response.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a genetic mutation develops cystic fibrosis. The primary defect in cystic fibrosis involves:

A. Impaired hemoglobin synthesis.
B. Abnormal chloride transport across cell membranes.
C. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic cells.
D. Defective muscle protein.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections develops chronic pyelonephritis. This primarily involves:

A. Inflammation of the bladder only.
B. Chronic inflammation of the kidney parenchyma and renal pelvis.
C. Glomerular inflammation.
D. Formation of kidney stones.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient experiences hypovolemic shock. The body’s initial compensatory mechanism involves:

A. Vasodilation to increase blood flow.
B. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
C. Decreased heart rate.
D. Increased urine output.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient develops a thrombus in a coronary artery, leading to myocardial infarction. This is a common consequence of atherosclerosis, which involves:

A. Arterial vasodilation.
B. Hardening and narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup.
C. Venous inflammation.
D. Increased arterial elasticity.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) experiences joint inflammation and destruction. RA is an autoimmune disease characterized by:

A. Autoantibodies attacking the neuromuscular junction.
B. Systemic inflammation mediated by immune complexes and T-cells, primarily affecting synovial joints.
C. Destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
D. Increased red blood cell destruction.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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