Practice Questions

The type of immune cell that directly attacks and destroys infected cells is the:

A. B-cell

B. Helper T-cell

C. Cytotoxic T-cell ✓

D. Plasma cell

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nmdcat.online BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

A patient is diagnosed with a gastrointestinal infection caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7, which produces Shiga toxin. This toxin is an example of an:

A. Endotoxin

B. Exotoxin ✓

C. Neurotoxin

D. Hemolysin

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nmdcat.online BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

A nurse is caring for a patient with a respiratory infection. The nurse observes coughing and sneezing. These are examples of the pathogen’s:

A. Portal of entry

B. Portal of exit ✓

C. Reservoir

D. Mode of transmission

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nmdcat.online BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

The study of the body’s defense mechanisms against disease is called:

A. Pathology

B. Epidemiology

C. Immunology ✓

D. Pharmacology

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nmdcat.online BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

A patient is infected with a bacteriophage. A bacteriophage is a virus that specifically infects:

A. Animal cells

B. Plant cells

C. Bacterial cells ✓

D. Fungal cells

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nmdcat.online BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

The bacteria that thrive in extremely hot environments are classified as:

A. Psychrophiles

B. Mesophiles

C. Thermophiles ✓

D. Halophiles

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nmdcat.online BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

A nurse is reviewing a patient’s medical history. A patient with compromised skin integrity (e.g., burns, surgical wounds) is at increased risk for infection due to a breakdown in the:

A. First line of defense ✓

B. Second line of defense

C. Third line of defense

D. Adaptive immune response

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nmdcat.online BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

The process of killing or removal of all microorganisms, including bacterial spores, is called:

A. Disinfection

B. Antisepsis

C. Sterilization ✓

D. Sanitization

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nmdcat.online BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

A patient with pneumonia is diagnosed with an infection caused by a bacterium that is resistant to multiple antibiotics. This is an example of:

A. A localized infection

B. A multidrug-resistant (MDR) organism ✓

C. An opportunistic infection

D. A viral coinfection

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nmdcat.online BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

The immune response mediated by B-cells and antibodies in bodily fluids is known as:

A. Cell-mediated immunity

B. Humoral immunity ✓

C. Innate immunity

D. Passive immunity

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nmdcat.online BS Nursing

Jun 6, 2026

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