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Practice Questions

15. The SA node (sinoatrial node) is known as the heart’s natural pacemaker because it:

A. Relays impulses to the ventricles
B. Initiates the electrical impulse for contraction ✓
C. Regulates blood pressure
D. Filters blood
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nmdcat.online Anatomy & Physiology -II
Jun 6, 2026

16. Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?

A. Aorta
B. Pulmonary artery ✓
C. Pulmonary vein
D. Vena cava
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nmdcat.online Anatomy & Physiology -II
Jun 6, 2026

17. The bicuspid valve is also known as the:

A. Aortic valve
B. Pulmonary valve
C. Mitral valve ✓
D. Tricuspid valve
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nmdcat.online Anatomy & Physiology -II
Jun 6, 2026

18. What is the primary function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

A. Carry blood away from the heart
B. Carry blood towards the heart
C. Facilitate exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes ✓
D. Regulate blood pressure
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nmdcat.online Anatomy & Physiology -II
Jun 6, 2026

19. Blood pressure is typically measured in which artery?

A. Carotid artery
B. Femoral artery
C. Brachial artery ✓
D. Radial artery
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nmdcat.online Anatomy & Physiology -II
Jun 6, 2026

20. The outermost layer of a blood vessel (artery or vein) is called the:

A. Tunica intima
B. Tunica media
C. Tunica externa (adventitia) ✓
D. Endothelium
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nmdcat.online Anatomy & Physiology -II
Jun 6, 2026

6. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays a crucial role in regulating the blood levels of what ion?

A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium ✓
D. Chloride
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nmdcat.online Anatomy & Physiology -II
Jun 6, 2026

7. Which part of the adrenal gland produces epinephrine and norepinephrine?

A. Adrenal cortex
B. Adrenal medulla ✓
C. Zona glomerulosa
D. Zona fasciculata
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nmdcat.online Anatomy & Physiology -II
Jun 6, 2026

1. Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary gland and causes water reabsorption in the kidneys?

A. Oxytocin
B. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) ✓
C. Growth Hormone
D. Prolactin
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nmdcat.online Anatomy & Physiology -II
Jun 6, 2026

2. The adrenal cortex produces hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone. These are classified as:

A. Catecholamines
B. Steroid hormones ✓
C. Peptide hormones
D. Amine hormones
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nmdcat.online Anatomy & Physiology -II
Jun 6, 2026

3. Which endocrine gland is responsible for regulating basal metabolic rate?

A. Pancreas
B. Thyroid gland ✓
C. Adrenal gland
D. Parathyroid gland
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nmdcat.online Anatomy & Physiology -II
Jun 6, 2026

4. The primary function of insulin, secreted by the pancreas, is to:

A. Raise blood glucose levels
B. Lower blood glucose levels ✓
C. Stimulate protein synthesis
D. Increase fat breakdown
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nmdcat.online Anatomy & Physiology -II
Jun 6, 2026

5. Glucagon is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas and has what effect on blood glucose?

A. Decreases it
B. Increases it ✓
C. Has no effect
D. Regulates calcium
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nmdcat.online Anatomy & Physiology -II
Jun 6, 2026

The structural carbohydrate that provides rigidity to the cell walls of plants and is a component of dietary fiber is:

A. Starch
B. Glycogen
C. Cellulose ✓
D. Lactose
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A molecule that acts as a reducing agent in biochemical reactions (donates electrons) is said to be:

A. Oxidized ✓
B. Reduced
C. Hydrolyzed
D. Phosphorylated
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a genetic condition impacting the production of a particular enzyme involved in the synthesis of a non-essential amino acid may still be able to obtain it from their diet. This highlights the concept of:

A. Essential nutrients. ✓
B. Nutritional redundancy.
C. Dietary flexibility.
D. Metabolic adaptation.
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The type of bond that connects glycerol to fatty acids in a triglyceride is an:

A. Peptide bond
B. Glycosidic bond
C. Ester bond ✓
D. Hydrogen bond
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The minimum amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction is called the:

A. Free energy
B. Activation energy ✓
C. Binding energy
D. Kinetic energy
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient presents with generalized edema due to low plasma protein levels. This illustrates the importance of proteins in maintaining:

A. Blood clotting.
B. Oxygen transport.
C. Osmotic pressure and fluid balance. ✓
D. Immune response.
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026
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