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Practice Questions

The process of glucose being synthesized from glycogen is known as:

A. Glycolysis
B. Glycogenolysis
C. Glycogenesis ✓
D. Gluconeogenesis
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A specific type of protein that functions as an intracellular or extracellular signal, influencing the activity of target cells, is a(n):

A. Enzyme
B. Structural protein
C. Hormone ✓
D. Transport protein
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A solution with a pH of 7.0 is considered:

A. Acidic
B. Neutral ✓
C. Basic (alkaline)
D. Highly acidic
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a genetic defect in their ability to synthesize certain nucleotide bases may have impaired DNA replication and cell division. The primary building blocks of DNA are:

A. Amino acids
B. Monosaccharides
C. Nucleotides ✓
D. Fatty acids
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The enzyme responsible for breaking down dietary proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids in the stomach is:

A. Amylase
B. Lipase
C. Pepsin ✓
D. Trypsin
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The overall sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule constitutes its:

A. Tertiary structure
B. Secondary structure
C. Primary structure ✓
D. Quaternary structure
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A protein’s secondary structure involves localized folding patterns like alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets, which are primarily stabilized by:

A. Covalent bonds
B. Ionic bonds
C. Hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms ✓
D. Disulfide bonds
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, generating a small amount of ATP and NADH, is:

A. Krebs Cycle
B. Oxidative phosphorylation
C. Glycolysis ✓
D. Gluconeogenesis
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a genetic defect in a mitochondrial enzyme cannot perform the Krebs Cycle efficiently. This would severely impair the cell’s ability to produce:

A. Glucose
B. Fatty acids
C. Large amounts of ATP aerobically ✓
D. Lactic acid
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The process of joining two smaller molecules together to form a larger one, typically removing a water molecule, is called:

A. Hydrolysis
B. Condensation (dehydration synthesis) ✓
C. Oxidation
D. Reduction
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a diet very low in carbohydrates may enter a state where the body produces ketone bodies from fatty acid breakdown to use as an alternative energy source. This process is called:

A. Glycolysis
B. Lipogenesis
C. Ketogenesis ✓
D. Gluconeogenesis
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The enzyme that catalyzes the final step of the electron transport chain, transferring electrons to oxygen to form water, is:

A. ATP synthase
B. Cytochrome c oxidase ✓
C. NADH dehydrogenase
D. Succinate dehydrogenase
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A protein that exists as a complex of multiple polypeptide chains (e.g., hemoglobin with four subunits) exhibits which level of protein structure?

A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary ✓
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A solution with a high concentration of hydrogen ions will have a:

A. High pH
B. Low pH ✓
C. Neutral pH
D. Variable pH
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The nitrogenous base common to both DNA and RNA is:

A. Thymine
B. Uracil
C. Adenine
D. Guanine ✓
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The primary function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration is to:

A. Synthesize glucose.
B. Produce lactate.
C. Generate a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis. ✓
D. Break down fatty acids.
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A deficiency in Vitamin D can impair calcium absorption, leading to weakened bones. Vitamin D’s primary role in bone health is to:

A. Directly strengthen bones.
B. Stimulate osteoclast activity.
C. Promote calcium and phosphate absorption in the intestine. ✓
D. Promote protein synthesis.
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A competitive inhibitor’s effect on an enzyme can typically be overcome by:

A. Increasing temperature.
B. Decreasing substrate concentration.
C. Increasing substrate concentration. ✓
D. Decreasing enzyme concentration.
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The energy released from catabolic reactions is captured and stored in the form of:

A. ADP
B. Glucose
C. ATP ✓
D. Amino acids
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026
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