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Practice Questions

The overall process of all chemical reactions occurring in an organism, involving both anabolic and catabolic pathways, is known as:

A. Homeostasis
B. Metabolism ✓
C. Respiration
D. Digestion
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A specific type of protein that functions by binding to specific molecules (ligands) to trigger a cellular response is a:

A. Enzyme
B. Structural protein
C. Receptor ✓
D. Transport protein
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient has a genetic condition affecting the synthesis of a vitamin, leading to symptoms of megaloblastic anemia. This condition often results from a deficiency in:

A. Vitamin C
B. Folic Acid ✓
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin D
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The process of glucose being broken down to pyruvate in the presence of oxygen, leading to further oxidation in the mitochondria, is the first step of:

A. Anaerobic respiration
B. Aerobic respiration ✓
C. Fermentation
D. Gluconeogenesis
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A molecular biologist is examining the components of a ribosome. They identify a type of RNA that is a major structural and catalytic component of ribosomes, playing a crucial role in protein synthesis. This is:

A. mRNA
B. tRNA
C. rRNA ✓
D. siRNA
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with liver cirrhosis has impaired ability to synthesize albumin. Albumin is a major plasma protein primarily responsible for maintaining:

A. Blood clotting
B. Oxygen transport
C. Osmotic pressure and fluid balance ✓
D. Immune response
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The molecule that links the major catabolic pathways (like glycolysis, beta-oxidation) to the Krebs Cycle is:

A. Pyruvate
B. Lactate
C. Acetyl-CoA ✓
D. Glucose
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A common polysaccharide found in plants that serves as the primary energy storage molecule for plants and is a major source of dietary carbohydrates for humans is:

A. Glycogen
B. Cellulose
C. Starch ✓
D. Chitin
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The Km value of an enzyme is a measure of its:

A. Maximum velocity
B. Catalytic efficiency
C. Affinity for its substrate ✓
D. Stability at different temperatures
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with impaired fatty acid oxidation due to a genetic defect may have difficulty generating ATP from fats, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue, especially during fasting. This pathway is called:

A. Glycolysis
B. Beta-oxidation ✓
C. Lipogenesis
D. Ketogenesis
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The net gain of ATP molecules from one molecule of glucose during anaerobic glycolysis is:

A. 2 ATP ✓
B. 4 ATP
C. 30?32 ATP
D. 0 ATP
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A carbohydrate that serves as a structural component of plant cell walls and is largely indigestible by human enzymes is:

A. Starch
B. Glycogen
C. Cellulose ✓
D. Sucrose
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The pH of a solution can be precisely measured using a:

A. Thermometer
B. Spectrophotometer
C. pH meter ✓
D. Microscope
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A lipid that is synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and serves as the primary form of energy storage in adipose tissue is:

A. Phospholipid
B. Cholesterol
C. Triglyceride ✓
D. Fatty acid
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The process of breaking down large protein molecules into smaller peptides and then into individual amino acids is called:

A. Glycolysis
B. Lipolysis
C. Proteolysis ✓
D. Nucleolysis
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient has high levels of LDL cholesterol in their blood. LDL (low-density lipoprotein) is primarily responsible for:

A. Transporting cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver.
B. Transporting dietary fats from the intestine.
C. Transporting cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues. ✓
D. Transporting triglycerides.
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A cell increases its metabolic rate to meet higher energy demands. This involves an increase in the rate of which process within the mitochondria?

A. Glycolysis
B. Fermentation
C. Oxidative phosphorylation ✓
D. Gluconeogenesis
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A protein that has a highly stable, fibrous structure and provides strength and elasticity to tissues (e.g., keratin in hair and nails) is likely a:

A. Globular protein
B. Fibrous protein ✓
C. Enzyme
D. Receptor protein
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The breaking of a glycosidic bond between two monosaccharides to form individual monosaccharides is a process of:

A. Condensation
B. Hydrolysis ✓
C. Polymerization
D. Oxidation
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026
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