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Introduction To Biostatistics

195 questions found

Practice Questions

146. What technical term describes the average of a set of numbers?

A. Median.
B. Mode.
C. Mean.
D. Range.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

133. A critical situational public health official is considering implementing a widespread screening program for a rare disease. A biostatistician advises that even a highly sensitive and specific test may yield many false positives in this context. What urgency is involved?

A. To immediately implement the program.
B. To urgently explain that for rare diseases, a high positive predictive value (PPV) is difficult to achieve, leading to unnecessary anxiety and follow-up for many healthy individuals.
C. To ignore the concept of false positives.
D. To use a less sensitive test.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

134. What technical term describes a measure of variability, calculated as the square root of the variance?

A. Range.
B. Interquartile range.
C. Standard deviation.
D. Median.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

137. A critical situational research project involves collecting patient data, including sensitive health information. What urgency is involved in ensuring ethical biostatistical practice?

A. To share data with anyone who asks.
B. To urgently implement robust data anonymization, security protocols, and obtain appropriate ethical approvals to protect patient privacy and confidentiality.
C. To collect as much data as possible without consent.
D. To only focus on statistical analysis.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

138. The technical concept of statistical inference involves using a sample to generalize about a:

A. Variable.
B. Statistic.
C. Parameter.
D. Hypothesis.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

140. A medicinal study reports a confidence interval for the relative risk as (0.9,1.2). What critical conclusion can be drawn?

A. The drug definitely increases the risk.
B. The drug definitely decreases the risk.
C. The confidence interval includes 1.0, meaning there is no statistically significant difference in risk.
D. The drug is highly effective.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

128. A critical situational publication argues for a new therapy based on a single study with a statistically significant p-value of 0.04. What is the urgency for a biostatistician to advise caution?

A. To immediately adopt the new therapy.
B. To urgently advise that conclusions should not be based on a single study, especially close to the significance threshold, and that replication and meta-analysis are critically important.
C. To ignore all p-values.
D. To assume one study is enough.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

129. What technical graphical display is useful for showing the relationship between two continuous variables?

A. Bar chart.
B. Pie chart.
C. Histogram.
D. Scatter plot.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

130. When a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false, this is a:

A. Type I error.
B. Correct decision.
C. Type II error.
D. Alpha error.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

115. A critical situational decision needs to be made about funding a large-scale randomized controlled trial for a new cancer therapy. Preliminary data shows promising but not statistically significant results, and the biostatistician highlights the preliminary trial’s low power. What is the urgency for further investment?

A. To immediately abandon the therapy.
B. To urgently consider the implications of low power (high risk of Type II error) and the need for a larger, adequately powered trial before discarding a potentially beneficial therapy.
C. To fund a smaller, less expensive trial.
D. To rely solely on the current non-significant p-value.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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