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Introduction To Biostatistics

195 questions found

Practice Questions

105. In a clinical trial, researchers want to determine if there is a statistically significant difference in mean blood pressure reduction among patients receiving a new drug, a standard drug, or a placebo. Which technical statistical test is most appropriate?

A. Independent samples t-test.
B. Paired t-test.
C. Chi-square test.
D. One-way ANOVA. ✓
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

106. A medicinal study needs to detect a very small effect of a drug. What critical consequence does this have for the required sample size and study power?

A. Small sample size and low power are sufficient.
B. A very large sample size and high power are critically needed. ✓
C. Sample size is irrelevant for small effects.
D. The study should not be conducted.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

91. A situational survey collected data on patient’s age (in years). What technical type of data is age?

A. Nominal.
B. Ordinal.
C. Interval.
D. Ratio. ✓
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

107. A situational public health researcher is comparing the number of new cases of a disease (a count variable) in different geographic areas. What technical regression model might be useful if the outcome is a count?

A. Linear regression.
B. Logistic regression.
C. Poisson regression. ✓
D. Survival regression.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

92. What technical theorem states that as the sample size increases, the sampling distribution of the sample mean approaches a normal distribution, regardless of the shape of the population distribution?

A. Law of Large Numbers.
B. Bayes' Theorem.
C. Central Limit Theorem. ✓
D. Chebyshev's Theorem.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

108. The confidence level technically represents:

A. The probability of making a Type I error.
B. The probability that the confidence interval contains the true population parameter. ✓
C. The power of the test.
D. The p-value.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

93. In a clinical study, researchers are interested in the association between a patient’s BMI (continuous) and their risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes (binary). Which technical regression model is most appropriate?

A. Linear regression.
B. Logistic regression. ✓
C. Poisson regression.
D. Cox regression.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

109. In a clinical study, researchers want to examine the relationship between a patient’s age (continuous) and their response to a drug measured as ‘Improved’ or ‘Not Improved’ (binary). Which technical regression model is most appropriate?

A. Simple linear regression.
B. Logistic regression. ✓
C. Multiple linear regression.
D. Poisson regression.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

94. A medicinal study finds a statistically significant result, but a subsequent replication study fails to find the same result. What critical biostatistical issue might explain this discrepancy?

A. The original study had too much power.
B. The original study might have had a Type I error, or the replication study a Type II error, or differences in methodology. ✓
C. The original study was perfect.
D. Replication studies are never necessary.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

95. A situational public health professional needs to understand the typical range of blood pressure values within which the middle 50% of the population falls. Which measure of dispersion would be most appropriate?

A. Range.
B. Standard deviation.
C. Interquartile range (IQR). ✓
D. Variance.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

96. What technical term describes the numerical summary of a population?

A. Statistic.
B. Sample.
C. Parameter. ✓
D. Variable.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

97. A clinical trial compares the effectiveness of a new drug to a placebo. The primary outcome is a continuous measure (e.g., symptom score). If the goal is to estimate the average treatment effect with a certain level of confidence, which technical statistical tool would be used?

A. P-value.
B. Hypothesis test.
C. Confidence interval. ✓
D. Standard error.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

82. A medicinal study claims a drug significantly reduces mortality, but the confidence interval for the risk ratio is very wide and barely excludes 1.0. What critical interpretation should be made?

A. The drug is highly effective.
B. The finding is statistically significant, but the effect estimate is imprecise and less reliable, warranting caution. ✓
C. The study had high precision.
D. The study is invalid.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

83. A situational public health researcher wants to identify the typical blood glucose level in a diabetic population where values are heavily skewed towards higher numbers. Which measure of central tendency would be most robust to these extreme values?

A. Mean.
B. Median. ✓
C. Mode.
D. Standard deviation.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

84. The strength and direction of a linear relationship between two continuous variables is quantified by the:

A. P-value.
B. Correlation coefficient. ✓
C. T-statistic.
D. Chi-square statistic.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

85. In a clinical trial, researchers are comparing the proportion of patients who achieve remission (yes/no) in two treatment groups. Which technical hypothesis test is most appropriate?

A. Independent samples t-test.
B. Paired t-test.
C. Chi-square test of independence. ✓
D. One-way ANOVA.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

86. A medicinal study aims to determine the effect of a drug on a count outcome (e.g., number of seizures). Which technical regression model is often used for count data?

A. Linear regression.
B. Logistic regression.
C. Poisson regression. ✓
D. Survival regression.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

87. A critical situational report shows a sudden increase in adverse drug reactions in a specific patient population, and the data suggests a potential issue with a newly released drug batch. What is the urgency for a biostatistician’s involvement?

A. To immediately declare the drug unsafe.
B. To rapidly analyze the data for patterns and statistical significance, to inform immediate public health action. ✓
C. To wait for more data to accumulate.
D. To disregard the reports as anecdotal.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

88. What technical term describes the field that applies statistical methods to problems in biology, public health, and medicine?

A. Statistics.
B. Mathematics.
C. Biostatistics. ✓
D. Epidemiology.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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