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Introduction To Biostatistics

195 questions found

Practice Questions

89. A clinical study is designed to compare the mean blood pressure before and after a dietary intervention in the same group of patients. What technical type of t-test is appropriate?

A. Independent samples t-test.
B. Paired t-test. ✓
C. One-sample t-test.
D. Two-sample z-test.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

90. A medicinal researcher calculates a p-value of 0.04 and concludes that a new drug is effective. However, unknown to them, the drug truly has no effect. What critical type of error was made?

A. Type II error.
B. Beta error.
C. Type I error. ✓
D. Power error.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

76. A technical sample of heights from a normally distributed population has a mean of 170 cm and a standard deviation of 5 cm. What is the z-score for an individual who is 180 cm tall?

A. z=(180?170)/5=2.0. ✓
B. z=180?170=10.
C. z=5/(180?170)=0.5.
D. z=170/5=34.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

77. In clinical research, the probability of an event occurring (e.g., disease onset) during a specified period is called:

A. Odds.
B. Relative risk.
C. Incidence. ✓
D. Prevalence.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

78. A medicinal study is investigating the effect of different drug dosages on a continuous outcome. If the relationship is expected to be linear, what technical regression model would be most appropriate?

A. Logistic regression.
B. Linear regression. ✓
C. Poisson regression.
D. Survival regression.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

79. A critical situational public health report on vaccination rates in different regions shows wide variation. What statistical concept helps to quantify this variation and understand the typical spread around the average?

A. Mean.
B. Median.
C. Standard deviation. ✓
D. Mode.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

80. What technical term describes the difference between the maximum and minimum values in a dataset?

A. Standard deviation.
B. Variance.
C. Range. ✓
D. Interquartile range.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

81. A clinical researcher wants to compare the mean pain scores (on a 0-10 scale, assumed interval) of patients before and after a specific intervention. Which technical statistical test is most appropriate?

A. Independent samples t-test.
B. Paired t-test. ✓
C. Chi-square test.
D. One-way ANOVA.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

65. In a clinical study, patients are weighed to the nearest kilogram. What technical type of variable is weight?

A. Nominal.
B. Ordinal.
C. Discrete.
D. Continuous. ✓
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

66. A medicinal study needs to detect a small but clinically meaningful difference between two treatments. What critical implication does this have for the statistical power of the study?

A. High power is not necessary.
B. High statistical power (e.g., 80% or 90%) is critically needed. ✓
C. The power should be as low as possible.
D. Power is only relevant for large differences.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

67. A situational public health professional needs to understand the variability in patient recovery times after a specific surgery. Which measure of dispersion is most commonly used and provides information about the average distance of data points from the mean?

A. Range.
B. Interquartile range.
C. Standard deviation. ✓
D. Mode.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

68. The probability of observing a result as extreme as, or more extreme than, the one observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true, is defined as the:

A. Significance level.
B. Confidence level.
C. Power.
D. P-value. ✓
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

69. A clinical study aims to determine if a new treatment reduces the median survival time of patients. Which technical non-parametric test is most appropriate if the data are not normally distributed?

A. Independent samples t-test.
B. Paired t-test.
C. Mann-Whitney U test (or Wilcoxon rank-sum test). ✓
D. ANOVA.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

71. A situational pharmaceutical company is conducting a pre-clinical study to compare the mean drug concentration in animal tissues after administration of two different formulations. Which technical statistical test is appropriate?

A. Paired t-test.
B. Independent samples t-test. ✓
C. Chi-square test.
D. One-way ANOVA.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

72. What technical term describes a measure of the average squared deviation of data points from the mean?

A. Standard deviation.
B. Range.
C. Variance. ✓
D. Interquartile range.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

73. A clinical researcher wants to model the relationship between a patient’s age (continuous) and their systolic blood pressure (continuous). Which technical regression model is most appropriate?

A. Logistic regression.
B. Simple linear regression. ✓
C. Poisson regression.
D. Multiple linear regression.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

74. A medicinal trial finds no statistically significant difference between a new drug and a placebo, but the drug actually has a positive effect. What critical type of error was made?

A. Type I error.
B. Alpha error.
C. Type II error. ✓
D. Sampling error.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

75. A critical situational decision needs to be made about whether to release a new drug to market based on clinical trial results. If the trial had low statistical power, what is the urgency for a biostatistician’s caution?

A. To immediately recommend approval.
B. To caution that a non-significant result might be due to low power (Type II error) rather than true ineffectiveness, necessitating further investigation. ✓
C. To ignore the power and focus on the p-value.
D. To recommend disapproval regardless of findings.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

63. A situational researcher wants to display the proportion of a patient population categorized by disease stage (Stage I, II, III, IV). Which technical graphical display is most appropriate?

A. Histogram.
B. Scatter plot.
C. Pie chart or bar chart. ✓
D. Line graph.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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