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Pathophysiology-II

197 questions found

Practice Questions

9. A patient with a history of atrial fibrillation suddenly develops acute onset of right-sided weakness, facial droop, and speech difficulties. What is the urgent clinical concern in this scenario?

A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA).
B. Ischemic stroke due to cardioembolic event.
C. Hemorrhagic stroke.
D. Bell's palsy.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

10. A patient presents with acute shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness, which improve after administration of a bronchodilator. What is the technical primary pathophysiological mechanism of asthma?

A. Loss of alveolar elasticity.
B. Chronic inflammation and reversible bronchoconstriction.
C. Alveolar fluid accumulation.
D. Pulmonary artery hypertension.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

1. A 68-year-old male presents to the ED with acute onset of crushing substernal chest pain radiating to his left arm, diaphoresis, and shortness of breath. His ECG shows ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF. What is the critical underlying pathophysiological event?

A. Unstable angina due to partial coronary artery occlusion.
B. Prinzmetal's angina due to coronary artery spasm.
C. Myocardial infarction due to prolonged ischemia and myocardial cell necrosis.
D. Pericarditis due to inflammation of the pericardium.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

3. A 55-year-old female presents with progressive shortness of breath, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and peripheral edema. Physical exam reveals crackles in the lung bases and an S3 gallop. From a clinical perspective, what is the urgency in recognizing these signs?

A. To differentiate between asthma and COPD.
B. To identify acute kidney injury.
C. To initiate immediate management for acute decompensated heart failure.
D. To assess for deep vein thrombosis.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

5. A 72-year-old male with a long history of smoking presents with chronic productive cough, dyspnea on exertion, and recurrent respiratory infections. His PFTs show decreased FEV1?/FVC ratio. What is the technical primary pathophysiological change characteristic of emphysema?

A. Reversible bronchoconstriction.
B. Alveolar wall destruction and enlargement of airspaces.
C. Excessive mucus production and chronic airway inflammation.
D. Pulmonary fibrosis.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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