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Pharmacology-I

251 questions found

Practice Questions

19. A patient with Type 1 Diabetes is experiencing hypoglycemia. Clinically, if the patient is conscious and able to swallow, what is the most appropriate initial treatment?

A. Administer intravenous insulin.
B. Give glucagon injection.
C. Provide a source of rapidly absorbed carbohydrates.
D. Wait for symptoms to subside spontaneously.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

20. A patient with peptic ulcer disease is prescribed a proton pump inhibitor (PPI, e.g., omeprazole). Technically, what is the mechanism by which PPIs reduce gastric acid secretion?

A. Blocking histamine H2 receptors.
B. Neutralizing stomach acid.
C. Irreversibly inhibiting the H+/K+-ATPase pump in parietal cells.
D. Coating the stomach lining.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

21. A patient with a severe bacterial infection is prescribed gentamicin (an aminoglycoside). Medicinally, what two critical adverse effects require urgent monitoring due to their potential for irreversible damage?

A. Hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity.
B. Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
C. Myelosuppression and dermatological reactions.
D. Hyperglycemia and hypokalemia.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

25. A patient with deep vein thrombosis is prescribed enoxaparin (a low molecular weight heparin). Medicinally, what is the primary mechanism of action of enoxaparin?

A. Inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
B. Selectively inhibiting Factor Xa.
C. Directly inhibiting thrombin.
D. Activating protein C.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

11. A patient with bacterial pneumonia is prescribed a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Technically, what is a critical principle of antibiotic stewardship that a healthcare professional should follow?

A. Prescribe the most potent antibiotic available.
B. Prescribe antibiotics for all respiratory infections.
C. Use the narrowest spectrum antibiotic effective for the suspected pathogen.
D. Stop antibiotics as soon as symptoms improve.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

12. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is using an inhaled anticholinergic (e.g., tiotropium). Medicinally, what is the primary mechanism of action of this drug?

A. Relaxing bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating ?2? receptors.
B. Blocking muscarinic receptors in the airways, preventing bronchoconstriction.
C. Inhibiting leukotriene synthesis.
D. Suppressing inflammation in the airways.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

15. A patient on long-term NSAID therapy for arthritis develops gastric pain. Technically, what is the mechanism by which NSAIDs can cause gastrointestinal ulcers?

A. Increasing gastric acid secretion.
B. Inhibiting COX-1, leading to reduced protective prostaglandin synthesis.
C. Stimulating histamine release.
D. Direct irritation of the gastric mucosa.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

16. A patient with hyperthyroidism is prescribed propylthiouracil (PTU). Medicinally, what is the primary mechanism of action of PTU?

A. Increasing thyroid hormone synthesis.
B. Inhibiting thyroid hormone release.
C. Inhibiting thyroid peroxidase, thus blocking thyroid hormone synthesis.
D. Destroying thyroid gland cells.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

6. A patient is prescribed warfarin for atrial fibrillation. Clinically, what dietary advice is critical for the patient to understand regarding vitamin K intake?

A. Avoid all vitamin K-rich foods.
B. Maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods.
C. Increase vitamin K intake to enhance warfarin's effect.
D. Vitamin K intake has no effect on warfarin.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

10. A 70-year-old male with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is prescribed tamsulosin. Clinically, what is the primary mechanism of action of tamsulosin that helps alleviate BPH symptoms?

A. Relaxing bladder smooth muscle.
B. Relaxing prostate smooth muscle.
C. Increasing bladder contractility.
D. Reducing prostate size.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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