A.
Decreased metabolism of warfarin, leading to increased INR.
✓
B.
Increased metabolism of oral contraceptives, leading to reduced efficacy.
✓
C.
Decreased absorption of iron supplements.
✓
D.
Increased renal excretion of digoxin.
✓
A.
Inhibiting fungal cell wall synthesis.
✓
B.
Inhibiting fungal DNA synthesis.
✓
C.
Inhibiting ergosterol synthesis, a critical component of the fungal cell membrane.
✓
D.
Disrupting fungal ribosomes.
✓
A.
Addiction potential.
✓
C.
Respiratory depression.
✓
A.
Decreasing hepatic glucose production.
✓
B.
Increasing glucose uptake in peripheral tissues.
✓
C.
Stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.
✓
D.
Inhibiting carbohydrate absorption.
✓
C.
Benzodiazepines (e.g., lorazepam, diazepam).
✓
A.
Inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis.
✓
B.
Inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit.
✓
C.
Inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase.
✓
D.
Disrupting bacterial cell membrane.
✓
A.
Bulk-forming laxatives.
✓
C.
Peripherally acting ?-opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs, e.g., methylnaltrexone).
✓
D.
Stimulant laxatives.
✓
B.
Inhibition of COX-2.
✓
C.
Irreversible inhibition of COX-1 in platelets, leading to reduced thromboxane A2.
✓
D.
Activation of plasminogen.
✓
A.
Increasing insulin secretion.
✓
B.
Decreasing hepatic glucose production.
✓
C.
Inhibiting sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys, leading to increased glucose excretion.
✓
D.
Enhancing insulin sensitivity.
✓
B.
Infusion-related reactions (e.g., fever, chills, rigors).
✓
A.
Inhibiting TNF-alpha.
✓
B.
Blocking cyclooxygenase enzymes.
✓
C.
Inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase, leading to folate depletion.
✓
D.
Stimulating B-cell proliferation.
✓
A.
Monotherapy with the most potent drug.
✓
B.
Intermittent therapy to reduce drug burden.
✓
C.
Combination therapy with drugs from different classes.
✓
D.
High-dose therapy for a short duration.
✓
A.
Rapid dose escalation is recommended.
✓
B.
Initiate at a low dose and titrate up slowly to avoid worsening heart failure symptoms.
✓
C.
It should be stopped if blood pressure drops slightly.
✓
D.
It should be given only in the hospital setting.
✓
B.
Disulfiram-like reaction.
✓
C.
Hypertensive crisis.
✓
D.
Acute kidney injury.
✓
B.
Topical corticosteroid.
✓
C.
Intravenous epinephrine.
✓
