MCQs

Correct: Collagen provides tensile strength and flexibility. Without it, bone becomes brittle. A: Rigidity depends mainly on minerals. C: Minerals are stored in the matrix. D: Osteons are structural units, not formed by collagen alone. Concept: Organic matrix of bone.

Correct: Both tissues are connective tissues with cells embedded in a matrix. A: Only bone has Haversian canals. B: Cartilage is avascular. D: Elastic fibers are mainly found in elastic cartilage. Concept: Comparison of connective tissues.

Correct: Bone contains abundant calcium salts that provide rigidity. A: Both tissues contain collagen. C: Osteocytes are bone cells. D: Cartilage has a well-developed matrix. Concept: Mechanical properties of bone and cartilage.

Correct: Osteoclasts resorb bone; excessive activity weakens bones. A: Bone density decreases. C: Osteoclasts do not form cartilage. D: Muscle strength is unrelated. Concept: Bone remodeling.

Correct: Loss of articular cartilage increases friction, causing pain and restricted movement. A: Bone marrow production is unrelated. C: Calcium storage is unaffected. D: Bone flexibility does not increase. Concept: Function of articular cartilage.

Correct: Compact bone consists of osteons with concentric lamellae around Haversian canals. A, B & D: Cartilage lacks osteons and Haversian canals. Concept: Histology of compact bone.

Correct: The periosteum contains osteoblasts responsible for appositional growth and fracture repair. A: Blood cells are produced in bone marrow. C: Mineral storage continues in existing bone. D: Protection remains unless bone is damaged. Concept: Role of periosteum.

Correct: Chondrin gives cartilage resilience and flexibility for shock absorption. A: Mineralization makes bone rigid. C: Osteons are bone structures. D: Cartilage is avascular. Concept: Structure-function relationship of cartilage.

Correct: Osteoblasts beneath the periosteum deposit new bone on the outer surface, increasing bone thickness. A: Chondrocytes increase bone length. C: Osteoclasts resorb bone. D: Osteocytes mainly maintain bone tissue. Concept: Appositional growth of bone.

Correct: Bone contains living osteocytes, blood vessels, and nerves, making it metabolically active. A: Minerals alone are non-living. C: Bone has abundant extracellular matrix. D: Bone has a remarkable capacity for repair. Concept: Characteristics of living bone tissue.

Correct: Collagen gives bones flexibility and resistance to breaking. A: Hardness is due to mineral salts. C: Minerals are stored in bone, not collagen. D: Blood cells are produced in bone marrow. Concept: Role of collagen in bone.

Correct: Articular cartilage provides a smooth, shock-absorbing surface at joints. A: Red blood cells are produced in bone marrow. C: Tendons attach muscles to bones. D: Mineral storage is mainly a function of bone. Concept: Function of articular cartilage.

Correct: Cartilage contains chondrocytes in lacunae and lacks Haversian systems. A & B: These are features of compact bone. D: Cartilage is avascular. Concept: Microscopic comparison of cartilage and bone.

Correct: Ossification is the formation of bone tissue from cartilage. A & D: Calcification and mineralization are parts of ossification but not the complete process. C: Resorption refers to bone breakdown. Concept: Bone development.

Correct: Blood vessels supply nutrients, while osteoblasts produce new bone during healing. A: Elastic cartilage is found in the ear. C: Chondrocytes are cartilage cells. D: Dense connective tissue forms tendons and ligaments. Concept: Bone repair.

Correct: Compact bone consists of osteons and a mineralized matrix that provides great strength. A: Chondrin is found in cartilage. C: Bone has abundant extracellular matrix. D: Elastic fibers increase flexibility, not compressive strength. Concept: Structure of compact bone.

Correct: Cartilage heals slowly due to the absence of blood vessels. A: Cell number is not the primary reason. C & D: Both tissues contain connective elements but differ in vascularity. Concept: Healing of cartilage.

Correct: Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption, essential for bone mineralization. A: Collagen synthesis is not its primary role. C: Cartilage formation is unaffected directly. D: Muscle contraction depends mainly on calcium availability, not vitamin D directly. Concept: Bone mineralization.

Correct: Acid dissolves mineral salts, leaving collagen fibers that provide flexibility. A & B: These mineral salts are removed by acid. D: Bone marrow does not maintain bone shape. Concept: Organic and inorganic components of bone.