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Practice Questions

81. A hospital experiences a sudden cluster of surgical site infections with a multi-drug resistant organism. What is the urgent epidemiological action?

A. Immediately close the operating rooms indefinitely.
B. Initiate an infection control investigation, implement enhanced hygiene protocols, and identify common exposures among affected patients.
C. Inform only the patients who developed infections.
D. Blame individual surgeons for poor technique.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

80. In clinical screening programs, a high Positive Predictive Value (PPV) is important. What epidemiological factor critically influences PPV?

A. Disease prevalence in the population.
B. Test sensitivity.
C. Test specificity.
D. Randomization.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

79. A large cross-sectional study finds a strong correlation between lack of sleep and poor academic performance among college students. What critical limitation exists in inferring causation?

A. The study was too small.
B. The temporal sequence between lack of sleep and poor performance cannot be established.
C. Students were not randomized.
D. The study was too expensive.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

77. What technical term describes the proportion of individuals in a population who die from a specific disease among all cases of that disease?

A. Crude death rate.
B. Specific mortality rate.
C. Case-fatality rate.
D. Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL).
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

76. A widespread outbreak of food poisoning linked to a specific restaurant is reported. What is the urgent epidemiological intervention?

A. Advise people to avoid all restaurants.
B. Issue an immediate public health warning about the specific restaurant and advise affected individuals to seek medical care.
C. Wait for the restaurant to voluntarily close.
D. Only investigate individual cases.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

73. A new over-the-counter cold medication is released. What medicinal epidemiological aspect involves collecting and analyzing reports of adverse events experienced by consumers?

A. Pre-clinical studies.
B. Phase I trials.
C. Post-marketing surveillance (Pharmacovigilance).
D. Regulatory approval.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

72. What technical measure quantifies the proportion of individuals exposed to a risk factor who develop the disease, that can be attributed to that exposure?

A. Relative Risk (RR).
B. Odds Ratio (OR).
C. Attributable Risk (AR).
D. Population Attributable Risk (PAR).
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

71. A cluster of unknown illness with neurological symptoms appears in a remote village. What is the urgent epidemiological response?

A. Send in medical supplies for symptomatic treatment.
B. Dispatch a rapid response team to conduct a shoe-leather epidemiology investigation to characterize cases, identify exposures, and collect samples.
C. Restrict movement into and out of the village without further investigation.
D. Wait for the cluster to resolve on its own.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

67. What technical term describes the ability of a screening test to correctly identify individuals who do not have the disease?

A. Sensitivity.
B. Specificity.
C. Positive Predictive Value.
D. Negative Predictive Value.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

66. A rapidly evolving pandemic strain of influenza is identified. What is the urgent epidemiological action for global health organizations?

A. Focus on treating individual patients in affected countries.
B. Initiate rapid global surveillance, develop and disseminate diagnostic tests, and begin vaccine development efforts.
C. Wait for the pandemic to subside naturally.
D. Restrict all international travel indefinitely.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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