MCQs

Ceruloplasmin is a specialized transport protein and enzyme that binds copper ions tightly, making it a conjugated metalloprotein.

Scurrying pathogens use hydrophilic, slippery glycoprotein capsules to hide their surface markers and evade immune cell engulfment.

As VLDL unloads triacylglycerols into adipose tissues via lipoprotein lipase, it becomes denser and transforms into cholesterol-rich LDL.

Proteoglycans form large aggregates with hyaluronic acid in cartilage, trapping water molecules to resist mechanical compression.

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) have the highest protein-to-lipid ratio and act to clear excess cholesterol from the circulatory pathways.

TMV consists of a single strand of genomic RNA wrapped in a helical coat of capsomere proteins, forming a pure nucleoprotein.

Chylomicrons are large lipoproteins that absorb and transport dietary triacylglycerols and cholesterol from the intestines into lacteals.

Interferons are signaling proteins (cytokines) released by host cells in response to viral pathogens, and they are glycoproteins.

O-linked glycosylation occurs through the covalent attachment of an oligosaccharide to the oxygen atom of serine or threonine side chains.

Viral envelope glycoproteins interact with host cell-surface receptors, mediating viral attachment and entry.

Cytochromes are electron-transporting metalloproteins whose iron center alternates between Fe2+ and Fe3+ states to transfer electrons.

LDL transports cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues; excess circulating LDL can oxidize and deposit in arterial walls.

The molecule develops dual properties: a hydrophobic domain anchored in the lipid bilayer and a hydrophilic domain exposed to water.

Gangliosides are abundant in nerve cell membranes, where they participate in cell signaling, myelin stability, and synaptogenesis.

Liver cells require protein synthesis to form VLDLs; blocking this prevents lipid export, causing fats to accumulate internally.

N-linked glycosylation targets the nitrogen atom on the side chain of an asparagine residue within a specific consensus sequence.

Even when bound to basic proteins, the dense phosphate backbone of the DNA molecule provides a strong net negative charge to chromatin.

HDL participates in reverse cholesterol transport, clearing excess lipids from blood vessels and carrying them back to the hepatic tissue.

Proteoglycans are mostly carbohydrate by weight (80%–95%), containing long unbranched GAG chains, unlike standard glycoproteins.