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MCQs
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B.
Non-inferiority test.
✓
A.
To use the data without any changes.
✓
B.
To urgently highlight potential for information bias due to inconsistent data collection and to develop strategies to assess and mitigate this bias.
✓
C.
To assume data are perfect.
✓
D.
To only analyze a subset of the data.
✓
B.
One-tailed (right-tailed) test.
✓
C.
One-tailed (left-tailed) test.
✓
D.
Non-directional test.
✓
A.
Independent samples t-test.
✓
A.
Continuous variables.
✓
A.
To immediately allocate resources based on the study.
✓
B.
To urgently explain that convenience samples may not be representative of the population, leading to biased estimates and potentially ineffective interventions.
✓
C.
To ignore the sampling method.
✓
D.
To assume all samples are representative.
✓
A.
Independent samples t-test.
✓
C.
Z-test for two proportions or Chi-square test.
✓
A.
Independent samples t-test.
✓
C.
Pearson correlation.
✓
A.
To immediately accept the subgroup findings.
✓
B.
To urgently caution that post-hoc subgroup analyses can lead to spurious findings due to multiple comparisons, requiring independent validation.
✓
C.
To disregard the main study results.
✓
D.
To encourage more such analyses.
✓
B.
Chi-square distribution.
✓
C.
Z-distribution (Normal distribution).
✓
D.
Sample size calculation.
✓
A.
The drug definitely increases the risk.
✓
B.
The drug definitely decreases the risk.
✓
C.
The confidence interval includes 1.0, meaning there is no statistically significant difference in risk.
✓
D.
The drug is highly effective.
✓
A.
Independent samples t-test.
✓
