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Practice Questions

115. A critical situational decision needs to be made about funding a large-scale randomized controlled trial for a new cancer therapy. Preliminary data shows promising but not statistically significant results, and the biostatistician highlights the preliminary trial’s low power. What is the urgency for further investment?

A. To immediately abandon the therapy.
B. To urgently consider the implications of low power (high risk of Type II error) and the need for a larger, adequately powered trial before discarding a potentially beneficial therapy.
C. To fund a smaller, less expensive trial.
D. To rely solely on the current non-significant p-value.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

112. The range of values within which a population parameter is estimated to lie, with a certain level of confidence, is called a:

A. Point estimate.
B. P-value.
C. Confidence interval.
D. Standard error.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

108. The confidence level technically represents:

A. The probability of making a Type I error.
B. The probability that the confidence interval contains the true population parameter.
C. The power of the test.
D. The p-value.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

106. A medicinal study needs to detect a very small effect of a drug. What critical consequence does this have for the required sample size and study power?

A. Small sample size and low power are sufficient.
B. A very large sample size and high power are critically needed.
C. Sample size is irrelevant for small effects.
D. The study should not be conducted.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

102. A medicinal study reports a p-value of 0.06. If the significance level was set at 0.05, what critical conclusion should be drawn?

A. Reject the null hypothesis.
B. Fail to reject the null hypothesis.
C. The drug is effective.
D. The drug is ineffective.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

100. The standard error of the mean technically measures:

A. The standard deviation of the population.
B. The standard deviation of the sample.
C. The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean.
D. The range of the data.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

99. A critical situational decision needs to be made about whether to roll out a new public health intervention. Initial data shows a positive trend, but the sample size is small, and the p-value is only 0.07. What urgency is involved in further evaluation?

A. To immediately implement the intervention.
B. To recognize that a p-value of 0.07 is not statistically significant at the 0.05 level, and further data or a larger study is urgently needed to make a definitive decision.
C. To ignore the p-value and proceed.
D. To assume the trend will continue.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

98. A medicinal study is designed to show that a new drug is better than an existing one. What technical type of hypothesis test is being performed?

A. Non-inferiority test.
B. Equivalence test.
C. Superiority test.
D. Association test.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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