MCQs
6530 questions found
A.
To rule out pneumonia.
✓
B.
To identify acute exacerbation of heart failure, often due to valvular dysfunction, requiring urgent medical management.
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D.
To evaluate for allergic reaction.
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A.
To immediately start dialysis.
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B.
To identify and urgently correct the underlying cause of hypoperfusion (e.g., fluid resuscitation, improving cardiac output).
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C.
To administer loop diuretics.
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D.
To prescribe antibiotics.
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A.
Neutralizes gastric acid.
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B.
Irreversibly blocks the H+/K+-ATPase pump in gastric parietal cells, reducing acid secretion.
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C.
Forms a protective barrier over the ulcer.
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D.
Increases mucus production.
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A.
Left-sided heart failure.
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B.
Cor pulmonale (right-sided heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension).
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A.
Antihistamine effect.
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B.
Vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, and decreased mediator release from mast cells.
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C.
Corticosteroid effect.
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D.
Direct mast cell stabilization.
✓
B.
Pyelonephritis (upper UTI), requiring urgent antibiotic treatment to prevent kidney damage and sepsis.
✓
A.
To increase spontaneous breathing.
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B.
To improve alveolar ventilation and oxygenation, and reduce the work of breathing.
✓
C.
To cause bronchoconstriction.
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D.
To prevent fluid accumulation.
✓
B.
Aldosterone deficiency, leading to impaired renal potassium excretion.
✓
C.
Increased potassium intake.
✓
B.
Conservative management with NPO, IV fluids, and nasogastric tube until bowel function returns.
✓
D.
Administration of opioids only.
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A.
Atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle.
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B.
Rapid ventricular filling in a dilated and failing ventricle.
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D.
Pericardial friction rub.
✓
A.
Acute inflammation of nerve endings.
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B.
Damage to nerve fibers due to chronic hyperglycemia and microvascular complications.
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C.
Demyelination due to autoimmune attack.
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D.
Compression of spinal nerves.
✓
A.
To reduce heart rate.
✓
B.
To increase systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure to improve tissue perfusion.
✓
C.
To decrease cardiac output.
✓
D.
To increase urine output.
✓
B.
To increase CO2? excretion to compensate for the metabolic acidosis.
✓
C.
To increase oxygen intake.
✓
D.
To decrease respiratory rate.
✓
B.
Intrinsic (intra-renal) AKI.
✓
D.
Chronic kidney disease.
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A.
Increased bone density.
✓
B.
Reduced bone density and structural integrity, leading to increased fracture risk.
✓
C.
Increased bone formation.
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D.
Normal bone remodeling.
✓
A.
Myocardial infarction.
✓
C.
Aortic dissection, requiring urgent surgical consultation and blood pressure control.
✓
A.
Impaired gastric emptying.
✓
B.
Fibrosis and scarring of the esophageal wall.
✓
A.
Vasodilation and decreased fluid retention.
✓
B.
Vasoconstriction, sodium and water retention, and cardiac remodeling, leading to worsening heart failure.
✓
C.
Improved cardiac contractility.
✓
D.
Decreased afterload.
✓
B.
Administration of bicarbonate (if severe) and addressing the underlying cause of AKI.
✓
