MCQs
6530 questions found
A.
Autoimmune inflammation.
✓
B.
Deposition of uric acid crystals in the joint, leading to an inflammatory response.
✓
C.
Bacterial infection.
✓
D.
Degeneration of articular cartilage.
✓
A.
Oral antibiotics and observation.
✓
B.
Immediate administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, intravenous fluids, and vasopressors to restore tissue perfusion.
✓
D.
Oxygen therapy only.
✓
A.
Reduced renal perfusion.
✓
B.
Direct damage to kidney tubules.
✓
C.
Obstruction of urinary outflow from the kidneys.
✓
D.
Glomerular inflammation.
✓
B.
Increased bicarbonate levels (e.g., due to vomiting or diuretic use) or excessive acid loss.
✓
C.
Decreased production of lactic acid.
✓
D.
Excessive loss of CO2?.
✓
B.
Decreased intravascular volume, leading to reduced preload, cardiac output, and tissue perfusion.
✓
C.
Increased cardiac contractility.
✓
D.
Increased systemic vascular resistance.
✓
A.
Localized inflammation.
✓
B.
Systemic inflammatory response to pancreatic enzymes, leading to widespread organ damage.
✓
A.
Increased tubular reabsorption.
✓
B.
Glomerular basement membrane thickening and increased permeability.
✓
C.
Renal artery stenosis.
✓
D.
Urinary tract infection.
✓
A.
Decreases blood pressure.
✓
B.
Breaks down fibrin clots, restoring blood flow to ischemic brain tissue.
✓
C.
Prevents platelet aggregation.
✓
D.
Increases cerebral blood flow by vasodilation.
✓
A.
Decreased production of lactic acid.
✓
B.
Excessive elimination of CO2? from the lungs.
✓
C.
Increased bicarbonate reabsorption.
✓
D.
Overproduction of ketone bodies.
✓
A.
Loss of motor function.
✓
B.
Exaggerated sympathetic response to noxious stimuli below the level of injury, due to impaired autonomic regulation.
✓
C.
Peripheral nerve damage.
✓
D.
Brainstem compression.
✓
A.
To treat symptomatic UTI.
✓
B.
To identify and urgently treat pyelonephritis (kidney infection) to prevent sepsis and kidney damage.
✓
C.
To advise increased fluid intake.
✓
D.
To perform a urinalysis.
✓
B.
Inflammation of the glomeruli, leading to increased permeability and impaired filtration.
✓
C.
Obstruction of the urinary tract.
✓
D.
Renal artery stenosis.
✓
B.
Accumulation of uremic toxins.
✓
A.
To administer more warfarin.
✓
B.
Immediate reversal of anticoagulation with Vitamin K and/or fresh frozen plasma (FFP).
✓
C.
To administer aspirin.
✓
D.
To observe the bleeding.
✓
A.
To increase blood viscosity.
✓
B.
To maintain tissue oxygen delivery despite reduced oxygen-carrying capacity.
✓
C.
To decrease cardiac workload.
✓
D.
To increase red blood cell production.
✓
A.
Inflammation of the pancreas.
✓
B.
Erosion of the gastric or duodenal mucosa by acid and pepsin.
✓
A.
Diastolic dysfunction.
✓
B.
Impaired systolic function and reduced cardiac output.
✓
D.
Normal cardiac function.
✓
A.
Decreased calcium absorption.
✓
B.
Excess cortisol leading to increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation.
✓
C.
Vitamin D deficiency.
✓
D.
Increased estrogen levels.
✓
A.
To lower blood pressure slowly over days.
✓
B.
To reduce blood pressure promptly but carefully to prevent end-organ damage.
✓
C.
To administer oral diuretics only.
✓
D.
To observe without intervention.
✓
