MCQs
6530 questions found
A.
Fungal infection of the peritoneum.
✓
B.
Translocation of gut bacteria into the ascitic fluid.
✓
D.
Autoimmune inflammation.
✓
A.
Increased production of surfactant.
✓
B.
IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation and release of bronchoconstrictive mediators (e.g., histamine, leukotrienes).
✓
C.
Activation of macrophages.
✓
D.
Inhibition of smooth muscle contraction.
✓
A.
Administering oral antibiotics.
✓
B.
Immediate reperfusion therapy (fibrinolysis or PCI) for acute myocardial infarction.
✓
C.
Administering pain medication only.
✓
A.
Increases potassium excretion.
✓
B.
Drives potassium intracellularly.
✓
C.
Blocks potassium channels.
✓
D.
Promotes potassium reabsorption.
✓
A.
Inflammation of the retina.
✓
B.
Neovascularization (new blood vessel growth) due to chronic ischemia and hypoxia.
✓
C.
Detachment of the retina.
✓
D.
Increased intraocular pressure.
✓
A.
Localized inflammation.
✓
B.
Uncontrolled systemic inflammation leading to widespread endothelial injury, organ dysfunction, and failure.
✓
D.
Nutritional deficiency.
✓
B.
Underlying lung cancer obstructing the airway.
✓
C.
Distributive (vasodilatory) shock.
✓
A.
To prescribe oral antibiotics.
✓
B.
Immediate high-dose corticosteroids to prevent permanent vision loss.
✓
C.
To observe and monitor symptoms.
✓
D.
To perform immediate surgery.
✓
A.
Increased Vitamin D production.
✓
B.
Impaired phosphate excretion, leading to hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
✓
C.
Increased calcium absorption.
✓
D.
Decreased parathyroid hormone.
✓
A.
Increased plasma oncotic pressure.
✓
B.
Increased systemic venous pressure due to right ventricular failure, or fluid retention secondary to left-sided failure.
✓
C.
Decreased capillary permeability.
✓
D.
Decreased hydrostatic pressure.
✓
B.
Immediate administration of inhaled short-acting beta-agonists and systemic corticosteroids.
✓
D.
Nasal decongestants.
✓
A.
Accumulation of amyloid plaques.
✓
B.
Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.
✓
C.
Demyelination of nerve fibers.
✓
D.
Increased acetylcholine production.
✓
A.
Obstruction of the urinary tract.
✓
B.
Reduced renal perfusion (e.g., due to hypovolemia or decreased cardiac output).
✓
C.
Direct damage to kidney tubules.
✓
D.
Glomerular inflammation.
✓
A.
Inflammation of diverticula (outpouchings) in the colon, often due to fecal impaction.
✓
D.
Inflammatory bowel disease.
✓
A.
Impaired red blood cell production due to insufficient iron for hemoglobin synthesis.
✓
B.
Increased red blood cell destruction.
✓
C.
Vitamin B12 deficiency.
✓
D.
Bone marrow failure.
✓
B.
Compression of the lung by fluid in the pleural space, limiting lung expansion.
✓
C.
Alveolar inflammation.
✓
A.
Loss of muscle strength.
✓
B.
Damage to upper motor neurons, leading to increased muscle tone and hyperreflexia.
✓
C.
Peripheral nerve damage.
✓
A.
Pancreatic inflammation.
✓
B.
Gallstone obstruction of the cystic duct, leading to inflammation of the gallbladder.
✓
