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Practice Questions

The most abundant organic molecule in cells, crucial for structural support, catalysis, transport, and regulation, is:

A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids
C. Proteins ✓
D. Nucleic acids
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Jun 6, 2026

A patient with impaired fatty acid oxidation due to a genetic defect may have difficulty generating ATP from fats, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue, especially during fasting. This pathway is called:

A. Glycolysis
B. Beta-oxidation ✓
C. Lipogenesis
D. Ketogenesis
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Jun 6, 2026

The Km value of an enzyme is a measure of its:

A. Maximum velocity
B. Catalytic efficiency
C. Affinity for its substrate ✓
D. Stability at different temperatures
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Jun 6, 2026

A common polysaccharide found in plants that serves as the primary energy storage molecule for plants and is a major source of dietary carbohydrates for humans is:

A. Glycogen
B. Cellulose
C. Starch ✓
D. Chitin
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Jun 6, 2026

The molecule that links the major catabolic pathways (like glycolysis, beta-oxidation) to the Krebs Cycle is:

A. Pyruvate
B. Lactate
C. Acetyl-CoA ✓
D. Glucose
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with liver cirrhosis has impaired ability to synthesize albumin. Albumin is a major plasma protein primarily responsible for maintaining:

A. Blood clotting
B. Oxygen transport
C. Osmotic pressure and fluid balance ✓
D. Immune response
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A molecular biologist is examining the components of a ribosome. They identify a type of RNA that is a major structural and catalytic component of ribosomes, playing a crucial role in protein synthesis. This is:

A. mRNA
B. tRNA
C. rRNA ✓
D. siRNA
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Jun 6, 2026

The process of glucose being broken down to pyruvate in the presence of oxygen, leading to further oxidation in the mitochondria, is the first step of:

A. Anaerobic respiration
B. Aerobic respiration ✓
C. Fermentation
D. Gluconeogenesis
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient has a genetic condition affecting the synthesis of a vitamin, leading to symptoms of megaloblastic anemia. This condition often results from a deficiency in:

A. Vitamin C
B. Folic Acid ✓
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin D
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A specific type of protein that functions by binding to specific molecules (ligands) to trigger a cellular response is a:

A. Enzyme
B. Structural protein
C. Receptor ✓
D. Transport protein
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The overall process of all chemical reactions occurring in an organism, involving both anabolic and catabolic pathways, is known as:

A. Homeostasis
B. Metabolism ✓
C. Respiration
D. Digestion
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with symptoms of scurvy (bleeding gums, poor wound healing) is deficient in Vitamin C. Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of:

A. Hemoglobin
B. Collagen ✓
C. DNA
D. Glycogen
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The process of breaking down large protein molecules into smaller peptides and then into individual amino acids is called:

A. Glycolysis
B. Lipolysis
C. Proteolysis ✓
D. Nucleolysis
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A lipid that is synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and serves as the primary form of energy storage in adipose tissue is:

A. Phospholipid
B. Cholesterol
C. Triglyceride ✓
D. Fatty acid
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Jun 6, 2026

The pH of a solution can be precisely measured using a:

A. Thermometer
B. Spectrophotometer
C. pH meter ✓
D. Microscope
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A carbohydrate that serves as a structural component of plant cell walls and is largely indigestible by human enzymes is:

A. Starch
B. Glycogen
C. Cellulose ✓
D. Sucrose
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The net gain of ATP molecules from one molecule of glucose during anaerobic glycolysis is:

A. 2 ATP ✓
B. 4 ATP
C. 30?32 ATP
D. 0 ATP
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds and catalysis occurs is called the:

A. Allosteric site
B. Regulatory site
C. Active site ✓
D. Binding domain
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A deficiency in Folic Acid can lead to megaloblastic anemia. Folic acid is a crucial vitamin for:

A. Blood clotting
B. DNA synthesis and cell division ✓
C. Vision
D. Bone health
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Jun 6, 2026
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