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Practice Questions

A biochemist is studying an enzyme whose activity is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. This type of regulation is known as:

A. Allosteric regulation
B. Covalent modification ✓
C. Feedback inhibition
D. Zymogen activation
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Jun 6, 2026

A patient with severe iron deficiency anemia is unable to transport sufficient oxygen in their blood. Iron is a crucial component of which protein in red blood cells?

A. Myoglobin
B. Hemoglobin ✓
C. Albumin
D. Immunoglobulin
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Jun 6, 2026

A student is confused about the difference between monosaccharides and disaccharides. An example of a disaccharide, formed from two monosaccharides, is:

A. Glucose
B. Fructose
C. Galactose
D. Sucrose (table sugar) ✓
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Jun 6, 2026

A metabolic pathway that involves the breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA, which can then enter the Krebs Cycle, is called:

A. Glycolysis
B. Beta-oxidation ✓
C. Lipogenesis
D. Gluconeogenesis
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Jun 6, 2026

A nucleic acid that acts as a temporary copy of a gene and carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis is:

A. tRNA
B. rRNA
C. mRNA ✓
D. DNA
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Jun 6, 2026

The optimal pH for most human enzymes is approximately:

A. 2
B. 7.4 ✓
C. 9
D. 12
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Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a protein deficiency exhibits poor wound healing and weakened immune response. This highlights the diverse functions of proteins, including their role as:

A. Energy storage molecules
B. Genetic information carriers
C. Structural components and enzymes ✓
D. Primary components of cell membranes
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Jun 6, 2026

A cell requires a large amount of ATP and has numerous cristae in its mitochondria. This indicates high activity in which metabolic pathway?

A. Glycolysis
B. Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation ✓
C. Pentose Phosphate Pathway
D. Fatty acid synthesis
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A lipid derived from cholesterol that is involved in emulsifying dietary fats in the small intestine is:

A. Triglyceride
B. Phospholipid
C. Bile acid ✓
D. Prostaglandin
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Jun 6, 2026

The process by which the genetic information encoded in mRNA is used to synthesize a protein is called:

A. Replication
B. Transcription
C. Translation ✓
D. Reverse transcription
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient has a diet rich in carbohydrates. Excess glucose not immediately used for energy can be stored in the liver and muscles as:

A. Fructose
B. Sucrose
C. Glycogen ✓
D. Starch
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in glycolysis, converting fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, is:

A. Hexokinase
B. Pyruvate kinase
C. Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) ✓
D. Glucose-6-phosphatase
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a deficiency in a certain vitamin develops night blindness. This symptom is associated with a deficiency in:

A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin A ✓
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin D
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Jun 6, 2026

A biochemist is studying the movement of molecules across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy input. This process is known as:

A. Simple diffusion
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Active transport ✓
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Jun 6, 2026

The process of breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones, usually releasing energy, is called:

A. Anabolism
B. Catabolism ✓
C. Metabolism
D. Homeostasis
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient is experiencing rapid, shallow breathing. This could be a compensatory mechanism for:

A. Metabolic alkalosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic acidosis ✓
D. Respiratory alkalosis
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A genetic mutation leads to a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence, but it does not change the amino acid sequence of the protein. This type of mutation is called a:

A. Missense mutation
B. Nonsense mutation
C. Silent mutation ✓
D. Frameshift mutation
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The bonds that link amino acids together to form polypeptide chains are called:

A. Glycosidic bonds
B. Ester bonds
C. Peptide bonds ✓
D. Phosphodiester bonds
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A person is on a low-fat diet. They still need to obtain essential fatty acids. Essential fatty acids are those that:

A. Are saturated fats.
B. Are synthesized by the body.
C. Must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot synthesize them. ✓
D. Are found only in animal products.
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Jun 6, 2026
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