MCQs
11162 questions found
A.
Antihistamine effect.
✓
B.
Vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, and decreased mediator release from mast cells.
✓
C.
Corticosteroid effect.
✓
D.
Direct mast cell stabilization.
✓
B.
Pyelonephritis (upper UTI), requiring urgent antibiotic treatment to prevent kidney damage and sepsis.
✓
A.
To increase spontaneous breathing.
✓
B.
To improve alveolar ventilation and oxygenation, and reduce the work of breathing.
✓
C.
To cause bronchoconstriction.
✓
D.
To prevent fluid accumulation.
✓
B.
Aldosterone deficiency, leading to impaired renal potassium excretion.
✓
C.
Increased potassium intake.
✓
B.
Conservative management with NPO, IV fluids, and nasogastric tube until bowel function returns.
✓
D.
Administration of opioids only.
✓
A.
Atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle.
✓
B.
Rapid ventricular filling in a dilated and failing ventricle.
✓
D.
Pericardial friction rub.
✓
A.
Acute inflammation of nerve endings.
✓
B.
Damage to nerve fibers due to chronic hyperglycemia and microvascular complications.
✓
C.
Demyelination due to autoimmune attack.
✓
D.
Compression of spinal nerves.
✓
A.
To reduce heart rate.
✓
B.
To increase systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure to improve tissue perfusion.
✓
C.
To decrease cardiac output.
✓
D.
To increase urine output.
✓
B.
To increase CO2? excretion to compensate for the metabolic acidosis.
✓
C.
To increase oxygen intake.
✓
D.
To decrease respiratory rate.
✓
B.
Intrinsic (intra-renal) AKI.
✓
D.
Chronic kidney disease.
✓
A.
Increased bone density.
✓
B.
Reduced bone density and structural integrity, leading to increased fracture risk.
✓
C.
Increased bone formation.
✓
D.
Normal bone remodeling.
✓
A.
Myocardial infarction.
✓
C.
Aortic dissection, requiring urgent surgical consultation and blood pressure control.
✓
A.
Impaired gastric emptying.
✓
B.
Fibrosis and scarring of the esophageal wall.
✓
A.
Vasodilation and decreased fluid retention.
✓
B.
Vasoconstriction, sodium and water retention, and cardiac remodeling, leading to worsening heart failure.
✓
C.
Improved cardiac contractility.
✓
D.
Decreased afterload.
✓
B.
Administration of bicarbonate (if severe) and addressing the underlying cause of AKI.
✓
A.
Acute inflammation of the retina.
✓
B.
Microvascular damage and abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina due to chronic hyperglycemia.
✓
D.
Increased intraocular pressure.
✓
A.
Normal immune function.
✓
B.
Severe immunosuppression due to CD4+ T cell depletion.
✓
C.
Hyperactive immune response.
✓
A.
Decreased intracranial pressure.
✓
B.
Increased intracranial pressure (ICP), leading to brain herniation and neurological deterioration.
✓
C.
Improved cerebral blood flow.
✓
D.
Enhanced neurotransmission.
✓
B.
Surgical debridement of necrotic tissue and broad-spectrum antibiotics to prevent sepsis.
✓
C.
Pain management only.
✓
