MCQs
11142 questions found
A.
Localized inflammation.
✓
B.
Uncontrolled systemic inflammation leading to widespread endothelial injury, organ dysfunction, and failure.
✓
D.
Nutritional deficiency.
✓
B.
Underlying lung cancer obstructing the airway.
✓
C.
Distributive (vasodilatory) shock.
✓
A.
To prescribe oral antibiotics.
✓
B.
Immediate high-dose corticosteroids to prevent permanent vision loss.
✓
C.
To observe and monitor symptoms.
✓
D.
To perform immediate surgery.
✓
A.
Increased Vitamin D production.
✓
B.
Impaired phosphate excretion, leading to hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
✓
C.
Increased calcium absorption.
✓
D.
Decreased parathyroid hormone.
✓
A.
Increased plasma oncotic pressure.
✓
B.
Increased systemic venous pressure due to right ventricular failure, or fluid retention secondary to left-sided failure.
✓
C.
Decreased capillary permeability.
✓
D.
Decreased hydrostatic pressure.
✓
B.
Immediate administration of inhaled short-acting beta-agonists and systemic corticosteroids.
✓
D.
Nasal decongestants.
✓
A.
Accumulation of amyloid plaques.
✓
B.
Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.
✓
C.
Demyelination of nerve fibers.
✓
D.
Increased acetylcholine production.
✓
A.
Obstruction of the urinary tract.
✓
B.
Reduced renal perfusion (e.g., due to hypovolemia or decreased cardiac output).
✓
C.
Direct damage to kidney tubules.
✓
D.
Glomerular inflammation.
✓
A.
Inflammation of diverticula (outpouchings) in the colon, often due to fecal impaction.
✓
D.
Inflammatory bowel disease.
✓
A.
Impaired red blood cell production due to insufficient iron for hemoglobin synthesis.
✓
B.
Increased red blood cell destruction.
✓
C.
Vitamin B12 deficiency.
✓
D.
Bone marrow failure.
✓
B.
Compression of the lung by fluid in the pleural space, limiting lung expansion.
✓
C.
Alveolar inflammation.
✓
A.
Loss of muscle strength.
✓
B.
Damage to upper motor neurons, leading to increased muscle tone and hyperreflexia.
✓
C.
Peripheral nerve damage.
✓
A.
Pancreatic inflammation.
✓
B.
Gallstone obstruction of the cystic duct, leading to inflammation of the gallbladder.
✓
B.
Increased production or decreased excretion of metabolic acids.
✓
C.
Overproduction of CO2?.
✓
D.
Excessive loss of chloride.
✓
A.
Autoimmune inflammation of the heart valves.
✓
B.
Bacterial colonization and vegetation formation on damaged heart valves.
✓
C.
Degeneration of heart valve tissue.
✓
D.
Increased pressure in the heart chambers.
✓
B.
Aldosterone antagonist, reducing sodium and water retention and potassium loss.
✓
A.
Oral antibiotics and observation.
✓
B.
Surgical appendectomy to prevent perforation and peritonitis.
✓
D.
Pain medication only.
✓
A.
Thromboembolic event.
✓
B.
Rupture of a cerebral blood vessel (often due to weakened walls from chronic hypertension).
✓
D.
Global cerebral ischemia.
✓
