Practice Questions

Which option best distinguishes anaphoric and cataphoric reference?

A. Both always refer to future events.
B. Anaphoric refers backward, while cataphoric refers forward. ✓
C. Cataphoric always refers to objects only.
D. Anaphoric cannot use pronouns.

The key distinction is the direction of the reference within the text.

nmdcat.online cataphoric and anaphoric reference
Jul 26, 2026

Which sentence contains an anaphoric reference to a collective noun?

A. Before it met, the committee reviewed the agenda.
B. The committee approved the proposal. It celebrated the achievement. ✓
C. If they agree, the committee members will vote.
D. Before he spoke, the chairman smiled.

It refers back to the committee, an anaphoric reference.

nmdcat.online cataphoric and anaphoric reference
Jul 26, 2026

Which sentence illustrates correct use of cataphoric reference?

A. The child laughed because he was happy.
B. Before she spoke, the ambassador greeted the audience. ✓
C. The students completed the assignment. They submitted it.
D. The river overflowed. It flooded nearby fields.

She refers forward to the ambassador, making it cataphoric.

nmdcat.online cataphoric and anaphoric reference
Jul 26, 2026

In “The author revised the manuscript because it contained errors,” it refers to:

A. author
B. manuscript ✓
C. errors
D. revision

It refers back to manuscript, making it an anaphoric reference.

nmdcat.online cataphoric and anaphoric reference
Jul 26, 2026

Which sentence contains cataphoric reference in a conditional clause?

A. The students revised the lesson. They passed the test.
B. If he accepts the offer, Salman will relocate. ✓
C. The company launched the product. It sold well.
D. The gardener watered the plants. They looked fresh.

He comes before Salman, making it cataphoric.

nmdcat.online cataphoric and anaphoric reference
Jul 26, 2026

It refers back to the orchestra, which is an anaphoric reference.

nmdcat.online cataphoric and anaphoric reference
Jul 26, 2026

Which sentence avoids ambiguous reference?

A. Ahmed met Bilal after he finished class.
B. Before she arrived, Ayesha called.
C. Fatima thanked Hira because Hira had helped her. ✓
D. Ali told Hassan that he was late.

Repeating Hira removes ambiguity, making the reference clear.

nmdcat.online cataphoric and anaphoric reference
Jul 26, 2026

In the sentence, “When they entered the auditorium, the performers waved,” the pronoun they is:

A. Anaphoric
B. Cataphoric ✓
C. Demonstrative
D. Comparative

The pronoun appears before the performers, so it is cataphoric.

nmdcat.online cataphoric and anaphoric reference
Jul 26, 2026

Which sentence contains anaphoric reference with two pronouns?

A. Before she arrived, the doctor called.
B. The teacher explained the topic. She illustrated it with examples. ✓
C. If he succeeds, Salman will celebrate.
D. Before they spoke, the judges met.

She refers to teacher, and it refers to topic, both backward references.

nmdcat.online cataphoric and anaphoric reference
Jul 26, 2026

Which sentence contains cataphoric reference with a singular noun?

A. Before he entered, the captain greeted everyone. ✓
B. The captain greeted everyone. He smiled warmly.
C. The ship sailed away. It disappeared quickly.
D. The teacher explained the lesson. She answered questions.

He refers forward to the captain, making it cataphoric.

nmdcat.online cataphoric and anaphoric reference
Jul 26, 2026
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