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Practice Questions

151. A clinical trial involves measuring patients’ cholesterol levels before and after receiving a new dietary supplement. Which technical statistical test is most appropriate for comparing the ‘before’ and ‘after’ mean cholesterol levels in the same group of patients?

A. Independent samples t-test.
B. Paired t-test. ✓
C. Chi-square test.
D. One-way ANOVA.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

150. In biostatistics, technical variables that can only take on a finite number of values or a countably infinite number of values are called:

A. Continuous variables.
B. Ordinal variables.
C. Discrete variables. ✓
D. Nominal variables.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

149. A critical situational decision needs to be made about public health resource allocation based on a study that used a convenience sample rather than a random sample. What is the urgency for a biostatistician’s caution?

A. To immediately allocate resources based on the study.
B. To urgently explain that convenience samples may not be representative of the population, leading to biased estimates and potentially ineffective interventions. ✓
C. To ignore the sampling method.
D. To assume all samples are representative.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

148. A medicinal study aims to determine if a new drug changes the proportion of patients who achieve a clinical endpoint (e.g., disease remission). What technical hypothesis test would be most appropriate for comparing these proportions between two independent groups?

A. Independent samples t-test.
B. Paired t-test.
C. Z-test for two proportions or Chi-square test. ✓
D. One-way ANOVA.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

147. A clinical researcher wants to determine if there is a linear relationship between the duration of symptoms (continuous) and the severity of a disease (continuous score). Which technical statistical method is most appropriate?

A. Independent samples t-test.
B. Chi-square test.
C. Pearson correlation. ✓
D. One-way ANOVA.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

146. What technical term describes the average of a set of numbers?

A. Median.
B. Mode.
C. Mean. ✓
D. Range.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

145. A critical situational research paper makes strong claims about a drug’s effectiveness based on subgroup analyses not specified in the original protocol. What is the urgency for a biostatistician to advise caution?

A. To immediately accept the subgroup findings.
B. To urgently caution that post-hoc subgroup analyses can lead to spurious findings due to multiple comparisons, requiring independent validation. ✓
C. To disregard the main study results.
D. To encourage more such analyses.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

144. A medicinal study aims to estimate the mean reduction in blood pressure for a new drug. If the population standard deviation is known, and the sample size is large, which technical distribution is used for constructing confidence intervals for the mean?

A. T-distribution.
B. Chi-square distribution.
C. Z-distribution (Normal distribution). ✓
D. F-distribution.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

143. In a clinical trial comparing two treatments, researchers are concerned that one group might have a higher proportion of severely ill patients at baseline. What technical study design element helps to mitigate this?

A. Blinding.
B. Randomization. ✓
C. Loss to follow-up.
D. Sample size calculation.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

142. The “p” in p-value stands for:

A. Population.
B. Parameter.
C. Probability. ✓
D. Power.
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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