A.
The drug increases the hazard of the event.
✓
B.
The drug decreases the hazard of the event, and the result is statistically significant as the interval does not include 1.0.
✓
C.
The drug has no effect.
✓
D.
The hazard ratio is too high.
✓
A.
Independent samples t-test.
✓
C.
Chi-square test of independence.
✓
A.
The probability of making a Type II error.
✓
B.
The probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis.
✓
C.
The threshold below which a p-value is considered statistically significant.
✓
D.
The power of the test.
✓
A.
To proceed with the small sample size.
✓
B.
To urgently advise that an underpowered study is unethical and a waste of resources, as it has a high chance of missing a true effect (Type II error).
✓
C.
To only consider the cost of the trial.
✓
D.
To assume the drug will work anyway.
✓
A.
There is very strong evidence against the null hypothesis.
✓
B.
There is weak evidence against the null hypothesis.
✓
C.
The null hypothesis is true.
✓
D.
The drug is harmful.
✓
A.
Independent samples t-test.
✓
A.
Population distribution.
✓
B.
Sample distribution.
✓
C.
Sampling distribution of the mean.
✓
D.
Normal distribution.
✓
A.
To accept the mean as the best measure.
✓
B.
To urgently recommend using the median as a more robust measure of central tendency for skewed data to avoid misrepresenting the typical income.
✓
C.
To ignore the skewness.
✓
D.
To only use the mode.
✓
B.
Non-inferiority test.
✓
A.
Independent samples t-test.
✓
C.
Chi-square test of independence.
✓
