Practice Questions

176. A medicinal study aims to determine if a new drug increases the proportion of patients who experience a specific side effect (yes/no). What technical hypothesis test would be most appropriate for comparing these proportions between two independent groups?

A. Independent samples t-test.

B. Paired t-test.

C. Z-test for two proportions or Chi-square test. ✓

D. One-way ANOVA.

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Jun 6, 2026

175. In a clinical study, patients are categorized by severity of disease (Mild, Moderate, Severe). What technical type of data is this?

A. Nominal.

B. Ordinal. ✓

C. Interval.

D. Ratio.

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Jun 6, 2026

174. The technical equation for a simple linear regression model is typically written as Y=?0?+?1?X+?. What does ?1? represent?

A. The intercept.

B. The error term.

C. The predicted value of Y.

D. The slope, representing the change in Y for a one-unit change in X. ✓

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Jun 6, 2026

173. A critical situational public health campaign reports that a new intervention increased a desired outcome from 5% to 10%, with a p-value of 0.001. What is the urgency for a biostatistician to highlight both relative and absolute differences?

A. To only focus on the p-value.

B. To urgently explain that while statistically significant, the absolute increase is only 5 percentage points, which might be less impressive than the relative increase, and to frame findings transparently. ✓

C. To ignore the absolute difference.

D. To assume all significant findings are large.

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Jun 6, 2026

172. A medicinal study aims to determine if a new drug causes a statistically significant decrease in a continuous biomarker. The alternative hypothesis is that the mean biomarker level in the drug group is lower than in the placebo group. What technical type of hypothesis test is this?

A. Two-tailed test.

B. One-tailed (right-tailed) test.

C. One-tailed (left-tailed) test. ✓

D. Non-directional test.

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Jun 6, 2026

171. In a clinical study, researchers want to determine if a new therapy improves a continuous outcome (e.g., quality of life score). They collect data from a single group of patients before and after the therapy. Which technical statistical test is most appropriate for the primary analysis?

A. Independent samples t-test.

B. Paired t-test. ✓

C. Chi-square test.

D. One-sample t-test.

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Jun 6, 2026

170. What technical term describes a numerical summary calculated from sample data?

A. Parameter.

B. Population.

C. Statistic. ✓

D. Hypothesis.

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Jun 6, 2026

169. A critical situational clinical trial protocol describes using an unvalidated questionnaire to measure a key patient outcome. What is the urgency for a biostatistician’s intervention?

A. To accept the questionnaire as is.

B. To urgently advise that an unvalidated instrument can lead to unreliable and invalid data, compromising the study's conclusions, and to recommend using a validated tool. ✓

C. To only focus on the sample size.

D. To assume the questionnaire is good.

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Jun 6, 2026