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Practice Questions

A patient develops a bloodstream infection after receiving intravenous fluids. This is a common route for:

A. Direct contact transmission
B. Indirect contact transmission ✓
C. Airborne transmission
D. Fomite transmission
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

The type of immune cell that directly attacks and destroys infected cells is the:

A. B-cell
B. Helper T-cell
C. Cytotoxic T-cell ✓
D. Plasma cell
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient is diagnosed with a gastrointestinal infection caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7, which produces Shiga toxin. This toxin is an example of an:

A. Endotoxin
B. Exotoxin ✓
C. Neurotoxin
D. Hemolysin
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A nurse is caring for a patient with a respiratory infection. The nurse observes coughing and sneezing. These are examples of the pathogen’s:

A. Portal of entry
B. Portal of exit ✓
C. Reservoir
D. Mode of transmission
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

The study of the body’s defense mechanisms against disease is called:

A. Pathology
B. Epidemiology
C. Immunology ✓
D. Pharmacology
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient is infected with a bacteriophage. A bacteriophage is a virus that specifically infects:

A. Animal cells
B. Plant cells
C. Bacterial cells ✓
D. Fungal cells
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

The bacteria that thrive in extremely hot environments are classified as:

A. Psychrophiles
B. Mesophiles
C. Thermophiles ✓
D. Halophiles
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A nurse is reviewing a patient’s medical history. A patient with compromised skin integrity (e.g., burns, surgical wounds) is at increased risk for infection due to a breakdown in the:

A. First line of defense ✓
B. Second line of defense
C. Third line of defense
D. Adaptive immune response
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

The process of killing or removal of all microorganisms, including bacterial spores, is called:

A. Disinfection
B. Antisepsis
C. Sterilization ✓
D. Sanitization
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with pneumonia is diagnosed with an infection caused by a bacterium that is resistant to multiple antibiotics. This is an example of:

A. A localized infection
B. A multidrug-resistant (MDR) organism ✓
C. An opportunistic infection
D. A viral coinfection
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nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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