Practice Questions

Rubor refers to:

A. Heat
B. Pain
C. Redness
D. Swelling

Rubor is redness due to increased blood flow.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Exudate does NOT contain:

A. Serous fluid
B. RBCs
C. Fibrinogen
D. Fibroblasts

Exudate contains proteins and cells, not fibroblasts.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Skin inflammation from detergent:

A. Chemical irritant
B. Infection
C. Radiation
D. Foreign body

Detergents cause chemical irritation.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

TRUE about inflammation:

A. Non-vascular only
B. Disease itself
C. Vascular tissue response
D. Always pus

Inflammation is protective response of vascular tissues.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Toxin used in vaccines as toxoid:

A. Endotoxin
B. Lipid
C. Exotoxin
D. Peptidoglycan

Exotoxins can be inactivated into toxoids.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Exotoxin vs endotoxin difference:

A. Lipid vs protein
B. Secreted vs released on death
C. Fever vs no fever
D. Always heat stable

Exotoxins are actively secreted.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Surviving inside phagocytes:

A. Invasive factor
B. Evasive factor
C. Exotoxin release
D. Incubation

Pathogen avoids intracellular killing.

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Jun 6, 2026

Bacteria avoiding WBC engulfment:

A. Adhesion factor
B. Evasive factor
C. Invasive factor
D. Enterotoxin

Evasion helps pathogen escape immune system.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

True about endotoxins:

A. Protein secreted
B. Enzymatic activity
C. Not protein, released on lysis
D. From gram-positive bacteria

Endotoxins are part of Gram-negative cell wall.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

Protein toxin released during bacterial growth:

A. Endotoxin
B. Exotoxin
C. Antibody
D. Cytokine

Exotoxins are secreted proteins from bacteria.

nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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