Practice Questions

A patient with heart failure has increased levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). BNP is released in response to:

A. Decreased fluid volume.
B. Ventricular stretching and volume overload. ✓
C. Hypoxia.
D. Inflammation.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a genetic predisposition develops cancer. Oncogenes are genes that:

A. Suppress tumor growth.
B. Repair DNA damage.
C. Promote cell growth and proliferation. ✓
D. Cause cell death.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with severe vomiting and diarrhea develops hypochloremia. This contributes to the development of which acid-base imbalance?

A. Metabolic acidosis.
B. Metabolic alkalosis. ✓
C. Respiratory acidosis.
D. Respiratory alkalosis.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis (UC) develops severe bloody diarrhea. The primary pathological characteristic of UC is:

A. Patchy, transmural inflammation.
B. Continuous inflammation limited to the colon, primarily affecting the mucosa and submucosa. ✓
C. Involvement of the entire GI tract.
D. Skip lesions.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with asthma has chronic inflammation of the airways, leading to airway remodeling. This involves:

A. Permanent destruction of alveolar walls.
B. Fibrosis, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and increased mucus glands in the bronchi. ✓
C. Reversible airway constriction only.
D. Decreased collagen deposition.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

The process of wound healing by “primary intention” involves:

A. A large wound with tissue loss that heals by granulation.
B. A wound with minimal tissue loss and edges that are approximated. ✓
C. A wound that is left open and then closed later.
D. The formation of a large scar.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with severe burns develops rhabdomyolysis. This involves:

A. Fat necrosis.
B. Liquefactive necrosis.
C. Muscle tissue breakdown and release of myoglobin. ✓
D. Coagulative necrosis.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a chronic autoimmune disease develops secondary immunodeficiency. This means their immune system is compromised due to:

A. A genetic defect present at birth.
B. Another underlying disease or treatment. ✓
C. Exposure to a specific allergen.
D. Excessive production of antibodies.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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