A.
Many false negative results.
✓
B.
Few false positive results, reducing unnecessary follow-up.
✓
C.
Unreliable diagnosis.
✓
D.
No need for confirmatory tests.
✓
A.
Advise people to boil water before use.
✓
B.
Issue an immediate "boil water" advisory, identify affected areas, and coordinate with healthcare providers for case management.
✓
C.
Wait for lab confirmation from every affected individual.
✓
D.
Only provide bottled water to a few households.
✓
C.
Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR).
✓
D.
Number Needed to Harm (NNH).
✓
A.
Many false positive results.
✓
B.
Many false negative results, potentially leading to missed diagnoses.
✓
C.
Accurate diagnosis immediately.
✓
D.
No need for further testing.
✓
A.
Wait for a definitive diagnosis before informing anyone.
✓
B.
Immediately isolate the patient, collect samples, and notify the local infectious disease control unit.
✓
C.
Treat symptomatically and discharge.
✓
D.
Refer to a general practitioner for routine follow-up.
✓
A.
Prevalence of infections.
✓
B.
Incidence rate of new infections.
✓
C.
Mortality rate from infections.
✓
D.
Case-fatality rate from infections.
✓
A.
Provide more naloxone to paramedics only.
✓
B.
Implement immediate harm reduction strategies, distribute naloxone, and investigate the source of contaminated drugs.
✓
C.
Wait for the increase to plateau.
✓
D.
Blame the individuals for drug use.
✓
A.
The drug manufacturer's sales department.
✓
B.
A national pharmacovigilance system (e.g., FDA Adverse Event Reporting System, Yellow Card Scheme).
✓
D.
Directly to the patient's insurance company.
✓
A.
The association is highly plausible.
✓
B.
The association needs to be critically examined for biological plausibility; rare exposure causing common disease is less common.
✓
C.
Biological plausibility is irrelevant.
✓
D.
The chemical is definitely carcinogenic.
✓
B.
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in humans.
✓
C.
Qualitative research.
✓
