D.
Prognostic benefit of early detection.
✓
A.
PPV will be very high.
✓
B.
PPV will be very low, leading to many false positives.
✓
C.
PPV will be unchanged.
✓
D.
PPV becomes irrelevant.
✓
A.
Issue a warning to the restaurant management.
✓
B.
Immediately shut down the restaurant, seize contaminated food, and initiate a thorough decontamination process.
✓
C.
Wait for the restaurant to improve conditions voluntarily.
✓
D.
Only advise customers to avoid the restaurant.
✓
C.
Cumulative Incidence.
✓
C.
Positive Predictive Value (PPV).
✓
D.
Negative Predictive Value (NPV).
✓
A.
Treat the patient with antiviral medication.
✓
B.
Immediately notify public health authorities for investigation and contact tracing.
✓
C.
Advise the patient to avoid that restaurant in the future.
✓
D.
Wait for more patients to report similar symptoms.
✓
D.
Susceptible population.
✓
A.
No special monitoring is needed.
✓
B.
Very close and ongoing monitoring of patients for adverse effects and therapeutic levels is required.
✓
C.
The drug is too dangerous to be approved.
✓
D.
The drug is extremely safe.
✓
A.
To increase the cost of the study.
✓
B.
To control for the placebo effect and natural history of the disease.
✓
C.
To make the study longer.
✓
D.
To identify only severe side effects.
✓
A.
Advise people to avoid public buildings.
✓
B.
Immediately shut down and decontaminate the implicated cooling tower, and identify individuals who visited the building.
✓
C.
Wait for the outbreak to subside naturally.
✓
D.
Only treat the severe cases.
✓
A.
Advise parents to keep children home for a week.
✓
B.
Notify public health authorities immediately, facilitate stool sample collection, and reinforce hand hygiene protocols.
✓
C.
Only treat the children who are severely ill.
✓
D.
Blame the daycare for poor sanitation without investigation.
✓
C.
Basic Reproductive Number (R0?).
✓
B.
Recall bias (a type of information bias).
✓
