A.
Normal scar formation.
✓
B.
Excessive collagen formation, extending beyond the original wound boundaries.
✓
C.
Incomplete wound closure.
✓
D.
Decreased tensile strength.
✓
A.
Patchy, transmural inflammation.
✓
B.
Continuous inflammation limited to the colon, primarily affecting the mucosa and submucosa.
✓
C.
Involvement of the entire GI tract.
✓
A.
Enhanced immune function.
✓
B.
Decreased blood glucose levels.
✓
C.
Impaired immune function and increased risk of infection.
✓
D.
Improved sleep patterns.
✓
A.
Autoantibodies attacking the neuromuscular junction.
✓
B.
Systemic inflammation mediated by immune complexes and T-cells, primarily affecting synovial joints.
✓
C.
Destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
✓
D.
Increased red blood cell destruction.
✓
A.
Arterial vasodilation.
✓
B.
Hardening and narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup.
✓
C.
Venous inflammation.
✓
D.
Increased arterial elasticity.
✓
A.
Vasodilation to increase blood flow.
✓
B.
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
✓
C.
Decreased heart rate.
✓
D.
Increased urine output.
✓
A.
Inflammation of the bladder only.
✓
B.
Chronic inflammation of the kidney parenchyma and renal pelvis.
✓
C.
Glomerular inflammation.
✓
D.
Formation of kidney stones.
✓
A.
Impaired hemoglobin synthesis.
✓
B.
Abnormal chloride transport across cell membranes.
✓
C.
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic cells.
✓
D.
Defective muscle protein.
✓
A.
IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation.
✓
B.
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
✓
C.
Formation of immune complexes that deposit in tissues, causing inflammation.
✓
D.
Delayed T-cell mediated response.
✓
A.
Pallor, numbness, decreased temperature.
✓
B.
Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function.
✓
C.
Jaundice, itching, weight loss.
✓
D.
Cyanosis, dyspnea, confusion.
✓
A.
The heart pumps blood efficiently.
✓
B.
The heart's pumping ability is decreased.
✓
C.
The heart valves are narrowed.
✓
D.
The patient is experiencing fluid volume deficit.
✓
A.
Alveolar wall destruction.
✓
B.
Airway inflammation, mucus gland hyperplasia, and excessive mucus production.
✓
C.
Reversible bronchospasm.
✓
D.
Decreased peripheral airway resistance.
✓
B.
Secondary intention.
✓
C.
Pyrogens (e.g., IL-1, TNF-alpha).
✓
C.
Spread from the primary site to distant organs.
✓
D.
Become well-differentiated.
✓
A.
Absolute insulin deficiency due to autoimmune destruction.
✓
B.
Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion.
✓
C.
Excessive glucagon production.
✓
D.
Pancreatic enzyme deficiency.
✓
A.
Hypertension, obesity, and hyperlipidemia.
✓
B.
Venous stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability.
✓
C.
Hypovolemia, infection, and low blood pressure.
✓
D.
Anemia, fever, and leukopenia.
✓
A.
Continuous inflammation limited to the colon.
✓
B.
Patchy, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the GI tract from mouth to anus.
✓
C.
Ulceration limited to the mucosal layer of the rectum.
✓
D.
Stricture formation only in the esophagus.
✓
