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BS Nursing

5385 questions found

Practice Questions

A patient with a genetic predisposition develops cancer. Oncogenes are genes that:

A. Suppress tumor growth.
B. Repair DNA damage.
C. Promote cell growth and proliferation. ✓
D. Cause cell death.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with heart failure has increased levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). BNP is released in response to:

A. Decreased fluid volume.
B. Ventricular stretching and volume overload. ✓
C. Hypoxia.
D. Inflammation.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient is diagnosed with a Type III hypersensitivity reaction. This reaction is characterized by:

A. IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation.
B. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
C. Formation of immune complexes that deposit in tissues, causing inflammation. ✓
D. Delayed T-cell mediated response.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a severe infection develops leukocytosis. This refers to an increase in the number of:

A. Red blood cells.
B. Platelets.
C. White blood cells. ✓
D. Plasma proteins.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with chronic heart failure has a reduced ejection fraction. This indicates:

A. The heart pumps blood efficiently.
B. The heart's pumping ability is decreased. ✓
C. The heart valves are narrowed.
D. The patient is experiencing fluid volume deficit.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a long history of smoking develops chronic bronchitis, a form of COPD. The primary pathological change in chronic bronchitis is:

A. Alveolar wall destruction.
B. Airway inflammation, mucus gland hyperplasia, and excessive mucus production. ✓
C. Reversible bronchospasm.
D. Decreased peripheral airway resistance.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a severe burn develops an infection. The burn wound healing process is often complicated by which type of intention?

A. Primary intention.
B. Secondary intention. ✓
C. Tertiary intention.
D. First intention.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient experiences edema due to decreased plasma albumin levels. This is caused by:

A. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure.
B. Decreased plasma oncotic pressure. ✓
C. Increased lymphatic drainage.
D. Increased arterial blood flow.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a severe infection develops acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The primary pathological feature of ARDS is:

A. Bronchospasm.
B. Massive pulmonary edema and severe hypoxemia due to capillary-alveolar membrane damage. ✓
C. Chronic airway inflammation.
D. Alveolar wall destruction.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with iron deficiency anemia has impaired oxygen-carrying capacity due to a deficiency in:

A. White blood cells.
B. Hemoglobin synthesis. ✓
C. Platelet production.
D. Plasma volume.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient develops a keloid scar after surgery. This is an example of dysfunctional wound healing characterized by:

A. Normal scar formation.
B. Excessive collagen formation, extending beyond the original wound boundaries. ✓
C. Incomplete wound closure.
D. Decreased tensile strength.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with chronic stress experiences prolonged activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to increased cortisol levels. This can result in:

A. Enhanced immune function.
B. Decreased blood glucose levels.
C. Impaired immune function and increased risk of infection. ✓
D. Improved sleep patterns.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) experiences joint inflammation and destruction. RA is an autoimmune disease characterized by:

A. Autoantibodies attacking the neuromuscular junction.
B. Systemic inflammation mediated by immune complexes and T-cells, primarily affecting synovial joints. ✓
C. Destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
D. Increased red blood cell destruction.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient develops a thrombus in a coronary artery, leading to myocardial infarction. This is a common consequence of atherosclerosis, which involves:

A. Arterial vasodilation.
B. Hardening and narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup. ✓
C. Venous inflammation.
D. Increased arterial elasticity.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient experiences hypovolemic shock. The body’s initial compensatory mechanism involves:

A. Vasodilation to increase blood flow.
B. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. ✓
C. Decreased heart rate.
D. Increased urine output.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections develops chronic pyelonephritis. This primarily involves:

A. Inflammation of the bladder only.
B. Chronic inflammation of the kidney parenchyma and renal pelvis. ✓
C. Glomerular inflammation.
D. Formation of kidney stones.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a genetic mutation develops cystic fibrosis. The primary defect in cystic fibrosis involves:

A. Impaired hemoglobin synthesis.
B. Abnormal chloride transport across cell membranes. ✓
C. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic cells.
D. Defective muscle protein.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a long history of smoking develops emphysema, a form of COPD. The primary pathological change in emphysema is:

A. Bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy.
B. Alveolar wall destruction and loss of elastic recoil. ✓
C. Reversible airway inflammation.
D. Increased mucus gland hyperplasia.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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