A.
Autoantibodies that attack the body's own tissues.
✓
B.
Increased complement proteins.
✓
C.
Decreased inflammatory mediators.
✓
D.
Excessive B-cell suppression.
✓
A.
Excessive use of loop diuretics.
✓
B.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with potassium shifting out of cells.
✓
A.
Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure.
✓
B.
Increased plasma oncotic pressure.
✓
C.
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure due to fluid overload and decreased cardiac output.
✓
D.
Increased lymphatic drainage.
✓
C.
Pyrogens (e.g., IL-1, TNF-alpha).
✓
C.
Spread from the primary site to distant organs.
✓
D.
Become well-differentiated.
✓
A.
Absolute insulin deficiency due to autoimmune destruction.
✓
B.
Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion.
✓
C.
Excessive glucagon production.
✓
D.
Pancreatic enzyme deficiency.
✓
A.
Hypertension, obesity, and hyperlipidemia.
✓
B.
Venous stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability.
✓
C.
Hypovolemia, infection, and low blood pressure.
✓
D.
Anemia, fever, and leukopenia.
✓
A.
Continuous inflammation limited to the colon.
✓
B.
Patchy, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the GI tract from mouth to anus.
✓
C.
Ulceration limited to the mucosal layer of the rectum.
✓
D.
Stricture formation only in the esophagus.
✓
A.
Initial sympathetic nervous system activation.
✓
B.
Mobilization of resources and adaptation.
✓
C.
Depletion of adaptation energy and potential for organ damage.
✓
D.
Increased resistance to disease.
✓
A.
Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and decreased mucus production.
✓
B.
Bronchospasm, airway inflammation, and increased mucus production.
✓
C.
Destruction of alveolar walls.
✓
D.
Fluid accumulation in the pleural space.
✓
A.
Increased intravascular protein synthesis.
✓
B.
Decreased capillary permeability.
✓
C.
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure and increased capillary permeability.
✓
D.
Decreased lymphatic drainage.
✓
A.
Gallstone obstruction only.
✓
B.
Autodigestion of pancreatic tissue by its own enzymes.
✓
C.
Increased insulin secretion.
✓
B.
Autosomal recessive.
✓
A.
Klinefelter syndrome.
✓
A.
Excessive clot formation leading to widespread microvascular thrombosis and consumption of clotting factors, followed by bleeding.
✓
B.
Only excessive bleeding with no clot formation.
✓
C.
Increased production of platelets.
✓
D.
Decreased fibrinolysis.
✓
A.
Direct damage to kidney tubules.
✓
B.
Obstruction of urine outflow.
✓
C.
Decreased blood flow to the kidneys.
✓
D.
Glomerular inflammation.
✓
