A.
Chromosomal abnormality.
✓
B.
Single gene disorder.
✓
C.
Multifactorial disorder.
✓
D.
Environmental injury.
✓
B.
Malignancy and hyperparathyroidism.
✓
C.
Chronic kidney disease.
✓
D.
Vitamin D deficiency.
✓
A.
Increased bicarbonate reabsorption.
✓
B.
Impaired excretion of acid and decreased bicarbonate reabsorption by the kidneys.
✓
C.
Increased carbonic acid levels.
✓
B.
White blood cell count.
✓
A.
IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation.
✓
B.
Antibody-mediated cell destruction or dysfunction.
✓
C.
Formation of immune complexes.
✓
D.
Delayed T-cell mediated response.
✓
A.
Increased oxygen delivery to tissues.
✓
B.
Anaerobic metabolism due to tissue hypoxia.
✓
C.
Excessive bicarbonate production.
✓
A.
Pallor, numbness, decreased temperature.
✓
B.
Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function.
✓
C.
Jaundice, itching, weight loss.
✓
D.
Cyanosis, dyspnea, confusion.
✓
A.
Increasing gastric mucus production.
✓
B.
Inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, which reduces gastric mucosal protection.
✓
C.
Stimulating gastric acid secretion.
✓
D.
Enhancing gastric blood flow.
✓
A.
Arterial spasm in the lungs.
✓
B.
A clot dislodges from a peripheral vein and travels to the pulmonary circulation.
✓
C.
Inhaled foreign body.
✓
D.
Direct lung infection.
✓
C.
Nutritional imbalance.
✓
A.
A genetic defect present at birth.
✓
B.
Another underlying disease or treatment.
✓
C.
Exposure to a specific allergen.
✓
D.
Excessive production of antibodies.
✓
B.
Liquefactive necrosis.
✓
C.
Muscle tissue breakdown and release of myoglobin.
✓
D.
Coagulative necrosis.
✓
A.
A large wound with tissue loss that heals by granulation.
✓
B.
A wound with minimal tissue loss and edges that are approximated.
✓
C.
A wound that is left open and then closed later.
✓
D.
The formation of a large scar.
✓
A.
Permanent destruction of alveolar walls.
✓
B.
Fibrosis, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and increased mucus glands in the bronchi.
✓
C.
Reversible airway constriction only.
✓
D.
Decreased collagen deposition.
✓
A.
Patchy, transmural inflammation.
✓
B.
Continuous inflammation limited to the colon, primarily affecting the mucosa and submucosa.
✓
C.
Involvement of the entire GI tract.
✓
A.
Liquefactive necrosis.
✓
C.
Coagulative necrosis.
✓
B.
Metabolic alkalosis.
✓
C.
Respiratory acidosis.
✓
D.
Respiratory alkalosis.
✓
