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Practice Questions

A lipid that is the primary component of cell membranes and forms a bilayer due to its amphipathic nature (having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts) is:

A. Triglyceride
B. Cholesterol
C. Phospholipid ✓
D. Sphingolipid
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a genetic defect cannot synthesize a specific enzyme. This defect would most directly impact the cell’s:

A. Structural integrity
B. Genetic information storage
C. Rate of specific biochemical reactions ✓
D. Water balance
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The building blocks of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are:

A. Amino acids
B. Monosaccharides
C. Fatty acids
D. Nucleotides ✓
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A protein that acts as a biological catalyst, speeding up the rate of specific biochemical reactions without being consumed in the process, is called an:

A. Hormone
B. Antibody
C. Enzyme ✓
D. Receptor
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient presents with symptoms of pellagra, including dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. This condition is caused by a deficiency of:

A. Vitamin B3 (Niacin) ✓
B. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
C. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
D. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The process of breaking down glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate and then glucose for energy is called:

A. Glycogenesis
B. Glycolysis
C. Glycogenolysis ✓
D. Gluconeogenesis
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A substance that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added is called a(n):

A. Salt
B. Indicator
C. Buffer ✓
D. Solvent
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A cellular process that involves the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration is:

A. Filtration
B. Active transport
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Osmosis ✓
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient has a deficiency in a specific enzyme involved in the synthesis of a non-essential amino acid. Non-essential amino acids are those that:

A. Cannot be used for protein synthesis.
B. Must be obtained from the diet.
C. Can be synthesized by the human body. ✓
D. Are only found in animal products.
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The DNA double helix is stabilized by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The overall shape of the double helix is due to the coiling of two polynucleotide strands into a:

A. Beta-pleated sheet
B. Alpha-helix
C. Superhelix ✓
D. Parallel helix
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with malabsorption syndrome is unable to absorb fat-soluble vitamins. Which of the following vitamins are considered fat-soluble?

A. Vitamin B complex and Vitamin C
B. Vitamin A, D, E, K ✓
C. Folic acid and Biotin
D. Thiamine and Riboflavin
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The process of synthesizing glycogen from glucose is called:

A. Glycogenolysis
B. Glycolysis
C. Glycogenesis ✓
D. Gluconeogenesis
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A biochemist is studying an enzyme whose activity is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. This type of regulation is known as:

A. Allosteric regulation
B. Covalent modification ✓
C. Feedback inhibition
D. Zymogen activation
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with severe iron deficiency anemia is unable to transport sufficient oxygen in their blood. Iron is a crucial component of which protein in red blood cells?

A. Myoglobin
B. Hemoglobin ✓
C. Albumin
D. Immunoglobulin
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A student is confused about the difference between monosaccharides and disaccharides. An example of a disaccharide, formed from two monosaccharides, is:

A. Glucose
B. Fructose
C. Galactose
D. Sucrose (table sugar) ✓
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A metabolic pathway that involves the breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA, which can then enter the Krebs Cycle, is called:

A. Glycolysis
B. Beta-oxidation ✓
C. Lipogenesis
D. Gluconeogenesis
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A nucleic acid that acts as a temporary copy of a gene and carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis is:

A. tRNA
B. rRNA
C. mRNA ✓
D. DNA
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

The optimal pH for most human enzymes is approximately:

A. 2
B. 7.4 ✓
C. 9
D. 12
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026

A patient with a protein deficiency exhibits poor wound healing and weakened immune response. This highlights the diverse functions of proteins, including their role as:

A. Energy storage molecules
B. Genetic information carriers
C. Structural components and enzymes ✓
D. Primary components of cell membranes
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nmdcat.online Bio chemistry for nurses
Jun 6, 2026
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