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BIO NMDCAT Biological Importance of Water
nmdcat.online June 27, 2026

The anomalous expansion of water below 4°C refers to the observation that

A. Water reaches its maximum density at its freezing point
B. Water contracts when heated from 0°C to 4°C
C. Water expands upon cooling from 4°C to 0°C
✓
D. The volume of water decreases linearly as temperature falls to 0°C

📝 Explanation

Most liquids contract upon cooling, becoming densest at their freezing point. Water behaves anomalously; it reaches its maximum density at 4°C. Below 4°C, it expands. This is due to the formation of transient, expanded ice-like clusters of hydrogen bonds as it approaches the freezing point.

📖 Additional Information

  • Water reaches its maximum density at its freezing point
  • Water contracts when heated from 0°C to 4°C
  • Water expands upon cooling from 4°C to 0°C
  • The volume of water decreases linearly as temperature falls to 0°C

Most liquids contract upon cooling, becoming densest at their freezing point. Water behaves anomalously; it reaches its maximum density at 4°C. Below 4°C, it expands. This is due to the formation of transient, expanded ice-like clusters of hydrogen bonds as it approaches the freezing point.

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