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BIO NMDCAT Biological Importance of Water
nmdcat.online June 27, 2026

The rapid movement of protons in an aqueous solution, which is critical for processes like ATP synthesis, is explained by the

A. Simple diffusion of free protons from a high to low concentration
B. "Proton hopping" mechanism along a chain of hydrogen-bonded water molecules
✓
C. Active transport of protons by aquaporin channels
D. High concentration of protons in pure water

📝 Explanation

The Grotthuss mechanism allows a proton to move extremely rapidly through a network of water molecules. A proton attaches to one end of an H-bonded chain, and a different proton is simultaneously released at the other end, without a single proton traversing the entire distance.

📖 Additional Information

  • Simple diffusion of free protons from a high to low concentration
  • "Proton hopping" mechanism along a chain of hydrogen-bonded water molecules
  • Active transport of protons by aquaporin channels
  • High concentration of protons in pure water

The Grotthuss mechanism allows a proton to move extremely rapidly through a network of water molecules. A proton attaches to one end of an H-bonded chain, and a different proton is simultaneously released at the other end, without a single proton traversing the entire distance.

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