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nmdcat.online July 14, 2026

Which of the following observations serves as the primary empirical foundation for Darwin’s deduction that there is a “struggle for existence” among individuals in nature?

A. Natural populations exhibit high rates of genetic mutation.
B. Most species produce far more offspring than the environment can support.
✓
C. Geological records show abrupt changes in species diversity over time.
D. Ecosystems maintain constant climatic conditions over geological eras.

📝 Explanation

Darwin noted that organisms have a massive reproductive potential (overproduction), yet environmental resources remain stable and limited. This discrepancy inevitably leads to competition or a struggle for existence.

📖 Additional Information

  • Natural populations exhibit high rates of genetic mutation.
  • Most species produce far more offspring than the environment can support.
  • Geological records show abrupt changes in species diversity over time.
  • Ecosystems maintain constant climatic conditions over geological eras.

Darwin noted that organisms have a massive reproductive potential (overproduction), yet environmental resources remain stable and limited. This discrepancy inevitably leads to competition or a struggle for existence.

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