A.
Continuous inflammation limited to the colon.
✓
B.
Patchy, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the GI tract from mouth to anus.
✓
C.
Ulceration limited to the mucosal layer of the rectum.
✓
D.
Stricture formation only in the esophagus.
✓
A.
Hypertension, obesity, and hyperlipidemia.
✓
B.
Venous stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability.
✓
C.
Hypovolemia, infection, and low blood pressure.
✓
D.
Anemia, fever, and leukopenia.
✓
A.
Absolute insulin deficiency due to autoimmune destruction.
✓
B.
Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion.
✓
C.
Excessive glucagon production.
✓
D.
Pancreatic enzyme deficiency.
✓
C.
Spread from the primary site to distant organs.
✓
D.
Become well-differentiated.
✓
C.
Pyrogens (e.g., IL-1, TNF-alpha).
✓
A.
Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure.
✓
B.
Increased plasma oncotic pressure.
✓
C.
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure due to fluid overload and decreased cardiac output.
✓
D.
Increased lymphatic drainage.
✓
A.
Excessive use of loop diuretics.
✓
B.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with potassium shifting out of cells.
✓
A.
Autoantibodies that attack the body's own tissues.
✓
B.
Increased complement proteins.
✓
C.
Decreased inflammatory mediators.
✓
D.
Excessive B-cell suppression.
✓
Page 882 of 1122
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