Double bonds are the defining feature of unsaturated fatty acids.
Condensation reactions release water during ester bond formation.
Phospholipids form the structural framework of cellular membranes.
Lipids contain more hydrogen atoms and fewer oxygen atoms, producing more ATP upon oxidation.
Pancreatic lipase acts mainly in the small intestine after emulsification by bile salts.
Ester linkages form between glycerol hydroxyl groups and fatty acid carboxyl groups.
A phospholipid has two fatty acids and one phosphate-containing group attached to glycerol.
Mixed triglycerides contain two or three different fatty acids attached to glycerol.
Double bonds introduce bends that reduce tight packing of fatty acid chains.
The phosphate-containing head is polar and interacts with water.
Phospholipids arrange into a bilayer with hydrophilic heads outward and hydrophobic tails inward, forming a selectively permeable membrane.
Esterification joins glycerol and fatty acids by removing one molecule of water.
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