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BIO NMDCAT Carbohydrates
nmdcat.online June 27, 2026

The general empirical formula for most carbohydrates is (CH₂O)n, and the functional groups that classify a monosaccharide as an aldose or a ketose are, respectively

A. A hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group
B. An aldehyde group and a ketone group
✓
C. An amino group and a sulfhydryl group
D. A phosphate group and a methyl group

📝 Explanation

Monosaccharides are polyhydroxy carbonyl compounds. If the carbonyl group is at the end of the carbon chain (C1), it is an aldehyde and the sugar is an aldose (e.g., glucose). If the carbonyl group is on an internal carbon (C2), it is a ketone and the sugar is a ketose (e.g., fructose).

📖 Additional Information

  • A hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group
  • An aldehyde group and a ketone group
  • An amino group and a sulfhydryl group
  • A phosphate group and a methyl group

Monosaccharides are polyhydroxy carbonyl compounds. If the carbonyl group is at the end of the carbon chain (C1), it is an aldehyde and the sugar is an aldose (e.g., glucose). If the carbonyl group is on an internal carbon (C2), it is a ketone and the sugar is a ketose (e.g., fructose).

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