B.
Thrombosis formation on the ruptured plaque, leading to partial or complete coronary artery occlusion.
✓
C.
Spasm of coronary artery.
✓
D.
Increased myocardial oxygen supply.
✓
A.
Increased platelet count.
✓
B.
Impaired synthesis of clotting factors by the damaged liver.
✓
C.
Increased fibrinolysis.
✓
D.
Decreased red blood cell production.
✓
A.
Oral medications for blood sugar.
✓
B.
Initiation of renal replacement therapy (dialysis or kidney transplant) to sustain life and manage complications.
✓
C.
Only dietary modifications.
✓
D.
No urgent intervention needed.
✓
B.
Inflammation and autodigestion of the pancreas by activated enzymes.
✓
C.
Gastric acid reflux.
✓
A.
Risk of hypernatremia.
✓
B.
Risk of accidental parathyroid gland removal, leading to hypoparathyroidism and life-threatening hypocalcemia.
✓
C.
Risk of hyperkalemia.
✓
D.
Risk of hypoglycemia.
✓
A.
Increases glucagon secretion.
✓
B.
Mimics incretin hormones, stimulating glucose-dependent insulin release, suppressing glucagon, and slowing gastric emptying.
✓
C.
Increases glucose absorption.
✓
D.
Decreases insulin sensitivity.
✓
A.
To increase spontaneous breathing.
✓
B.
To improve alveolar ventilation and oxygenation, and reduce the work of breathing.
✓
C.
To cause bronchoconstriction.
✓
D.
To prevent fluid accumulation.
✓
A.
Peripheral neuropathy.
✓
B.
Bacterial colonization and vegetation on heart valves, potentially leading to septic emboli and systemic infection.
✓
C.
Autoimmune response.
✓
D.
Valvular calcification.
✓
B.
Pyelonephritis (upper UTI), requiring urgent antibiotic treatment to prevent kidney damage and sepsis.
✓
B.
Administration of hyperosmolar agents (e.g., mannitol) or hypertonic saline to reduce cerebral edema.
✓
A.
Antihistamine effect.
✓
B.
Vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, and decreased mediator release from mast cells.
✓
C.
Corticosteroid effect.
✓
D.
Direct mast cell stabilization.
✓
A.
Rapid ventricular filling in a dilated ventricle.
✓
B.
Atrial contraction against a stiff, non-compliant ventricle.
✓
C.
Valvular regurgitation.
✓
D.
Pericardial friction rub.
✓
A.
Left-sided heart failure.
✓
B.
Cor pulmonale (right-sided heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension).
✓
A.
Neutralizes gastric acid.
✓
B.
Irreversibly blocks the H+/K+-ATPase pump in gastric parietal cells, reducing acid secretion.
✓
C.
Forms a protective barrier over the ulcer.
✓
D.
Increases mucus production.
✓
A.
To immediately start dialysis.
✓
B.
To identify and urgently correct the underlying cause of hypoperfusion (e.g., fluid resuscitation, improving cardiac output).
✓
C.
To administer loop diuretics.
✓
D.
To prescribe antibiotics.
✓
A.
To rule out pneumonia.
✓
B.
To identify acute exacerbation of heart failure, often due to valvular dysfunction, requiring urgent medical management.
✓
D.
To evaluate for allergic reaction.
✓
A.
Increased blood flow to the liver.
✓
B.
Increased resistance to blood flow through the cirrhotic liver.
✓
C.
Decreased cardiac output.
✓
D.
Increased systemic blood pressure.
✓
A.
Localized clot formation.
✓
B.
Widespread activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, leading to simultaneous thrombosis and bleeding.
✓
C.
Platelet destruction only.
✓
B.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), requiring urgent anticoagulation to prevent pulmonary embolism.
✓
