MCQs

6530 questions found

Practice Questions

176. A widespread outbreak of a highly contagious disease occurs, and public health officials determine that insufficient vaccination coverage is a major contributing factor. What is the urgent public health intervention?

A. Implement school closures indefinitely.
B. Launch a mass vaccination campaign and intensify communication efforts to address vaccine hesitancy.
C. Wait for the disease to naturally decline.
D. Isolate only symptomatic individuals.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

174. A case-control study finds that cases of a disease are significantly more likely to have a particular genetic marker than controls. What critical interpretation should be made?

A. The genetic marker directly causes the disease.
B. The genetic marker is associated with the disease, but confounding or other factors could be at play.
C. The study proves nothing.
D. Genetic markers are irrelevant.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

172. What technical term describes the time from exposure to an infectious agent to the time an infected individual becomes infectious?

A. Incubation period.
B. Latent period.
C. Communicable period.
D. Generation time.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

171. A public health official is informed of a new, highly virulent strain of avian flu emerging in a poultry farm. What is the urgent epidemiological response?

A. Wait to see if it jumps to humans.
B. Implement immediate culling of infected poultry, establish a cordon sanitaire, and enhance surveillance for human cases.
C. Only vaccinate the poultry workers.
D. Blame the farm owners for poor hygiene.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

169. A study identifies a high prevalence of a disease in a specific occupational group. What critical epidemiological investigation should be initiated?

A. A general population health survey.
B. An occupational epidemiology study to identify workplace hazards.
C. A study of genetic predispositions.
D. An investigation into individual lifestyle choices.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

168. A new medicinal drug is being tested for a chronic, non-fatal condition. What critical ethical concern must be carefully considered in a long-term clinical trial?

A. Blinding of participants.
B. The potential for prolonged exposure to a placebo for those who are not receiving active treatment.
C. The cost of the drug.
D. The number of participants.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

166. A public health authority receives reports of a sudden increase in emergency room visits for respiratory distress. What is the urgent epidemiological action?

A. Advise people to stay indoors.
B. Investigate potential environmental triggers (e.g., air pollution, allergen peaks) or an emerging respiratory pathogen.
C. Assume it is a normal seasonal fluctuation.
D. Only focus on treating individual patients.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

162. What technical term describes the measure of association in a case-control study, approximating the relative risk when the disease is rare?

A. Relative Risk (RR).
B. Odds Ratio (OR).
C. Attributable Risk (AR).
D. Prevalence Ratio (PR).
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

161. A cluster of severe birth defects is reported in a community. What is the urgent epidemiological action?

A. Dismiss it as random genetic mutations.
B. Initiate an investigation to identify common environmental exposures, maternal factors, or infectious agents during pregnancy.
C. Advise all pregnant women to leave the community.
D. Only focus on treating the affected children.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

159. A study attempts to estimate the prevalence of diabetes by administering a questionnaire that asks about self-reported diagnosis. What critical type of bias might this introduce?

A. Selection bias.
B. Information bias (e.g., misclassification due to self-report).
C. Confounding.
D. Observer bias.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

158. A new medicinal drug is found to be effective but also carries a significant risk of a rare, severe adverse event. What critical ethical consideration guides its approval and prescribing?

A. Only efficacy matters.
B. The balance between benefits and harms, and informed consent for patients.
C. Adverse events are always acceptable.
D. Only the cost of the drug matters.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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