MCQs

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Practice Questions

192. What technical term describes the proportion of exposed individuals who develop the disease, minus the proportion of unexposed individuals who develop the disease?

A. Relative Risk (RR).
B. Odds Ratio (OR).
C. Attributable Risk (AR).
D. Population Attributable Risk (PAR).
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

191. A cluster of measles cases occurs in a community with documented low measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination rates. What is the urgent public health action?

A. Blame parents for not vaccinating their children.
B. Initiate rapid contact tracing, isolation of cases, and implement emergency vaccination clinics to increase herd immunity.
C. Wait for the outbreak to end naturally.
D. Only treat symptomatic individuals with antibiotics.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

190. In clinical screening, a test with high specificity is valuable for what purpose?

A. To minimize false negatives.
B. To confirm a diagnosis (reducing false positives).
C. To maximize true positives.
D. To identify all possible cases.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

189. A study finds a strong association between a specific genetic mutation and a particular disease. What critical consideration should be made regarding the generalizability of the findings?

A. The findings apply to all populations.
B. The findings may only be generalizable to populations with similar genetic backgrounds.
C. Genetic studies are never generalizable.
D. Generalizability is irrelevant.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

188. A drug that was previously approved is now under investigation for a new, serious adverse effect. What medicinal epidemiological method is primarily used to generate hypotheses about such new adverse effects?

A. Randomized controlled trials.
B. Case reports and case series (from pharmacovigilance).
C. Pre-clinical animal studies.
D. Phase I trials.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

187. What technical term describes the epidemiological approach that focuses on understanding health patterns in specific populations (e.g., age, gender, race, socioeconomic status)?

A. Analytical epidemiology.
B. Descriptive epidemiology.
C. Experimental epidemiology.
D. Clinical epidemiology.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

186. A surge in emergency room visits for asthma exacerbations is reported during a specific time of year. What is the urgent epidemiological action?

A. Advise all asthma patients to avoid the ER.
B. Investigate potential seasonal environmental triggers like pollen counts or air pollution levels.
C. Assume it is due to patient non-compliance with medication.
D. Only provide inhaled corticosteroids to all patients.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

183. A new medicinal drug is being tested for a very rare disease, where it’s unethical to withhold treatment from a placebo group. What technical alternative study design might be considered?

A. Cross-sectional study.
B. Case-control study.
C. Historical cohort study.
D. Single-arm trial or compassionate use program.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

181. A regional hospital experiences a cluster of healthcare-associated bloodstream infections. What is the urgent epidemiological action?

A. Immediately close the intensive care unit.
B. Implement enhanced surveillance, review infection control practices, and investigate potential common sources like contaminated equipment or staff.
C. Only treat the infected patients with antibiotics.
D. Assume it is random chance.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

178. A new medicinal drug is found to be effective, but regulatory agencies require a Risk Management Plan (RMP) due to potential rare but serious side effects. What critical epidemiological aspect is this addressing?

A. Drug pricing.
B. Balancing drug benefits with potential harms through systematic risk identification and mitigation.
C. Marketing strategies.
D. Drug patenting.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

177. What technical term describes a measure of association that quantifies the difference in disease risk between an exposed group and an unexposed group?

A. Relative Risk (RR).
B. Odds Ratio (OR).
C. Attributable Risk (AR).
D. Prevalence Ratio (PR).
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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