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BIO NMDCAT Biological Importance of Water
nmdcat.online June 27, 2026

The condition of water intoxication (hyponatremia) occurs when excessive water consumption drastically dilutes the blood plasma, resulting in the

A. Movement of water out of cells, causing crenation
B. Osmotic influx of water into cells, causing them to swell, including potentially fatal brain swelling
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C. Active expulsion of electrolytes by the kidneys into the urine
D. Increase in the cohesive properties of the blood plasma

📝 Explanation

Excess water intake lowers plasma osmolarity, making it hypotonic to the intracellular fluid. Water moves by osmosis into the cells. In the brain, this can lead to cerebral edema (swelling) within the rigid skull, causing increased intracranial pressure, which is a life-threatening condition.

📖 Additional Information

  • Movement of water out of cells, causing crenation
  • Osmotic influx of water into cells, causing them to swell, including potentially fatal brain swelling
  • Active expulsion of electrolytes by the kidneys into the urine
  • Increase in the cohesive properties of the blood plasma

Excess water intake lowers plasma osmolarity, making it hypotonic to the intracellular fluid. Water moves by osmosis into the cells. In the brain, this can lead to cerebral edema (swelling) within the rigid skull, causing increased intracranial pressure, which is a life-threatening condition.

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